Case Brief: Mercan Systems,

Background and Problem Definition Mercan Systems, Inc. founded in 1980 their first product being a desalinator which was used to remove salts from brackish well water supplied it to mobile home park residents in Florida. The product was very successful in the market and it quickly expanded to nearby hospitals and bottlers of water for sale to consumer. By 2000, they made vast improvement in their product by including particle filters, ozonators, ion exchange resins, and purifiers. It had kept its price higher than its competitors.They launched a new product and wanted to formulate an entry strategy for the market entry of Delight water purifier in India. Market and Industry Analysis There were approximately 44 million households who took precautions and all the safety measures for their family. About 50% of the target market used traditional boiling water method, 20% used candle filters and another 20% used water purifiers. The major competitor for Mercan was Eureka Forbes who mainly had two products namely Aqua guard and Pure sip. The unit prices for Aqua guard and pure sip were approx. Rs. 5500 and Rs. 2000.Apart from this there were other companies like Ion Exchange, Singer, and Delta Brand. On more careful observation Chatterjee found out that maximum Sales were from urban areas where the existing manufacturers were reaching only 10-15% of the entire Indian population. Evaluation of Alternative course of Action 1. Direct Acquisition/Joint Venture Looking at the estimated sales figure from Exhibit 3 we find that the Sales were approximately 430000 units. Analyzing it further we see that in case we adopt the skimming price strategy and sell products through Dealer channel we can estimate a sales of 279. million INR in comparison to 129 million INR in case Penetration strategy. We observe the same thing for Direct Sales we can see that in case of skimming strategy the estimated sales were 215 million INR and in case of penetration strategy it was 86 million IN R. (Exhibit 1 for the analysis). The pros and cons for adopting the strategy will be: – Pros: There is a huge opportunity to gain market share with new technology. Cons: Initial investment is Rs. 30 Million is pretty high. Moreover Joint Ventures may turn out to be complicated as it will involve people with different mindset and working style. 2. LicenseeConsidering the total cost incurred for licensee 35000 USD (Exhibit 2) and estimated sales contribution as 129 Million INR (Exhibit 3) Pros: It has minimal cost and is of less risk. It can receive royalty from licensee. National staff can be hired with minimum salary Cons: No control over licensee’s operation Conclusion My recommendation will be they must go with option 1 which is to enter India’s market using joint venture/ acquisition mode of entry. Exhibit 1 Estimated Sales in units = 430000 units Contribution per unitCalculationsEstimated Sales Skimming Price through Dealer Channel650=650*430000279. Million INR Penetration Price through Dealer channel300 =300*430000129 Million INR Skimming Price through Direct Sales force500 =500*430000215 Million INR Penetration Price through Direct Sales force200 =200*43000086 Million INR Exhibit 2 capital for production facilities and equipment30000 USD office facilities and equipment. 5000 USD Total investment35000 USD Exhibit 3 Contribution per unit (Average royalty per unit)300 INR Total no. of units sold (estimated) i. e. , National market potential430000 units Estimated Sales contribution300*430000=129 Million INR

Globalisation †for and against essay Essay

In last few years we hear more and more about phenomenon called globalisation. But what we can understand under this notion? Globalisation is the process of international integration based on interchange of world views, products, ideas and cultures. The result of this occurrence is forming one, big world, in which people live together, like a one nation. In my essay, I will show arguments for and against globalization. A major advantages of globalization is a social and economic progress for developing countries. We can have availability of global brands and products. Because of globalization we can notice progress in technology and communication advances. What is more, globalization give us opportunities to work or study abroad, which are a big chance for young people to meet new friends and get new experiences. It is also a chance for poorer countries to benefit from investment as a result of globalization. On the other hand, globalization has some disadvantages. It exposes the gap between rich and poor – rich countries can have theirs cheap goods from poorer countries. They exploit workers. Also, we can see that globalization destroys local cultures and traditions. People don’t feel their membership to countries where they were born and grew up. To sum up, it is hard to say if globalization has more advantages then disadvantages. In my opinion, pros and cons equilibrate. Globalisation is about progress in new technology and products. But is destroy peoples nationalities and make them multisocial. Globalisation – for and against essay In last few years we hear more and more about phenomenon called globalisation. But what we can understand under this notion? Globalisation is the process of international integration based on interchange of world views, products, ideas and cultures. The result of this occurrence is forming one, big world, in which people live together, like a one nation. In my essay, I will show arguments for and against globalization. A major advantages of globalization is a social and economic progress for developing countries. We can have availability of global brands and products. Because of globalization we can notice progress in technology and communication advances. What is more, globalization give us opportunities to work or study abroad, which are a big chance for young people to meet new friends and get new experiences. It is also a chance for poorer countries to benefit from investment as a result of globalization. On the other hand, globalization has some disadvantages. It exposes the gap between rich and poor – rich countries can have theirs cheap goods from poorer countries. They exploit workers. Also, we can see that globalization destroys local cultures and traditions. People don’t feel their membership to countries where they were born and grew up. To sum up, it is hard to say if globalization has more advantages then disadvantages. In my opinion, pros and cons equilibrate. Globalisation is about progress in new technology and products. But is destroy peoples nationalities and make them multisocial.

Rewriting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rewriting - Essay Example (2003, p.288) defines the term as â€Å"a collection of evidence, usually in written form, of both the products and processes of learning. It attests to achievement and personal and professional development by providing critical analysis of its contents.† Race (2007, p.58) has defined portfolio as â€Å"compilations of evidence of student’s achievements, including major pieces of their work, feedback comments from tutors, and reflective analyses by the students themselves.† These definitions clearly imply that a portfolio is nothing but an assessment tool, which is replete with several evidences of learning. That also includes critical reflection on their learning process. Moore (2009) argues that the teachers impart the information to the students and students usually listen to the talk passively. Mohanna et al. (2008) assert that currently, a new trend has set in where students are motivated to get involved, be independent and self-governing. According to Clouston (2005), onus of the learning lies on students while teachers provide an opportunity and congenial environment to facilitate learning. Crandall (1998) argues that a specific attribute of the portfolio lies in its providing an evidence of learning outcomes. A true learning is demonstrated not only by the collection of evidence in the portfolio but also how the students reflect on them. Girot (2000) stresses on the reflection part for the learning to take place and how the learning is applied in practice to reduce its gap with the theoretical aspects. Issues related to the use of portfolios in nursing education have been recorded. (Jasper,1995; Karlowicz, 2000; Harris et al. 2001). The first issue is about time factor as students consider the portfolio development a time consuming process and tend to delay its development. They prefer focusing on other course instead. Faculty too views portfolio development as a process that consumes considerable time.

Frankfurts notion of Second Order Volition Essay

Frankfurts notion of Second Order Volition - Essay Example Frankfurt’s essay opens with his views on the concept of â€Å"person†. When his contemporaries seek to define a person as merely a body with states of consciousness, Frankfurt begs to differ. He states that a person is not just the singular form of ‘people’. It does not merely refer to the members of certain biological species with a set of specific physical and mental characteristics that are supposed to be uniquely human. Humans are not the only creatures with desires, motives and choices. But it is the capacity of reflective self-evaluation and a desire to be different from what they are that makes the persons a class apart from the other living beings.The primary feature that differentiates a person from other creatures is his structure of will. To define â€Å"will†, one needs to first understand the concept of first order desire. A first order desire is simply a desire for something or a desire to do or not to do one thing or another. For exam ple, a desire to smoke a cigarette or to watch a movie or to read a book is a first order desire. ... Therefore, a desire which determines the behaviour of a person at a critical moment and leads him to action in the presence of other conflicting desires is termed as will. (Frankfurt, 1971, pp. 4-5) To define â€Å"free will†, Frankfurt introduces another type of desires- second order desires. A second order desire refers to a desire about a first order desire or a desire to have or not to have a first order desire. Or in other words, a second order desire is a manifestation of the uniquely human ability of reflection on one’s first order desires. For example, a habitual smoker may have a desire to smoke but a smoker who is trying to quit may want â€Å"not to have a desire to smoke†. The latter is a case of second order desire.It is these second order desires that are regarded as a mark of ‘personhood’. (Frankfurt, 1971, p. 3) Second order desires which refer to effective first order desires are termed as second order volitions. In simpler terms, wh en a person wants a second order desire to be his will, it becomes a second order volition. To illustrate the concept better, we may take the example of a psychologist dealing with a drug addict patient. To understand his patient better, he may want to have the desire for drugs (second order desire). But he does not want his desire to be effective (to actually take drugs). The doctor thus demonstrates a second order desire but no second order volition. It is not second order desire but second order volition that is essential to being a person and this leads us to the definition of free will and freedom of action.((Frankfurt, 1971, p. 5) Free will is a situation wherein a person’s second order volition determines his behaviour. The definition of â€Å"freedom of will†

Market Model Patterns of Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market Model Patterns of Change - Research Paper Example The business expansion that has characterized many companies in the industry has led the expansion in the size of large companies and eventual attainment of a competitive advantage over smaller companies. Currently, the industry is experiencing enormous changes as a result of changing customer needs, emerging markets, and entrance of new competitors, technological advancement, and the strict environment regulations due to substance emissions (Blum, 2009). The changes have affected the demand, value chains and markets that characterize the industry. This has led to the transformation of the market into a more mobile model that is more competitive. The industry players and the new entrants have been forced to apply new competitive strategies that will enable sustainable success in the competitive industry. Pattern of Change Both the emerging and mature markets in the automobile industry are characterized by risk and opportunities. The global automobile industries have engaged in price wars crating frequent capacity overlap and rivalry. Therefore, the oligopolistic market model has been transformed into a competitive model. The competitive pattern of change is evident in its production, international trade changes, and supply chain and pricing. ... However, the lowering of the trade barriers and advancements in globalization has changed the tradition whereby the production location decisions are influenced by the international competitiveness. The international competitiveness is a product of the level of different tasks within the industry due to the vertical disintegration of global production. This is a change from the traditional business norms whereby the global competitiveness was determined by the level of the industry. Variation in Production Table 1: Top 20 Motor Vehicle Producing Countries   China 18,418,876 United States 8,653,560   Japan 8,398,654   Germany 6,311,318   South Korea 4,657,094   India 3,936,448   Brazil 3,406,150   Mexico 2,680,037   Spain 2,353,682   France 2,294,889   Canada 2,134,893   Russia 1,988,036   Ã‚  Iran 1,648,505   Thailand 1,478,460   UK 1,463,999   Czech Republic 1,199,834 Turkey 1,189,131   Indonesia 837,948 Poland 837,132 Argentina 828,771   Italy 790, 348 Source: http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/ Table 2: Annual Change in Production in Automobile Industry Year Production Change 1997 54,434,000    1998 52,987,000 -2.7% 1999 56,258,892 6.2% 2000 58,374,162 3.8% 2001 56,304,925 -3.5% 2002 58,994,318 4.8% 2003 60,663,225 2.8% 2004 64,496,220 6.3% 2005 66,482,439 3.1% 2006 69,222,975 4.1% 2007 73,266,061 5.8% 2008 70,520,493 -3.7% 2009 61,791,868 -12.4% 2010 77,857,705 26.0% Source: http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/1999-statistics/ International Trade The international trade is characterized by the dominance from a small number of companies. However, the industry faces segmentation that has made it more regional than global. The industry is also characterized by cost pressures, overcapacity and low profitability

DP World Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DP World Company - Essay Example DP World operates in Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific, Indian sub-continent, Australia and in America. The company has taken initiative in the process of reducing frequency of lost time injuries and has been successful in bring down the value of the same to 7.6 in 2011 from 10.1 in 2009. The company also focuses on the internal control of the company related to the organizational structure of the company, code of conduct, whistle blowing policy, risk management and performance, etc. Pensions and post retirement benefits are provided to the employees of the company, which shows that the company takes enough care of its employees even after the termination of employment (â€Å"DP World 2011 Annual Report† 1-10). Reason for DP stock being overvalued The stock of a company is said to be overvalued if the current price of the stocks of the company is greater than stock’s intrinsic value. Here the price earnings of the stock are primarily being considered in order to explain the reasons behind the overvaluation of the stocks of DP World. The price earnings ratio of the company has been relatively high in comparison to the historical price earnings ratio of the company, which is why the stock of DP World is considered to be overvalued. The growth in the global container traffic has risen by three times the rate at which the world used to trade in the past decade. This has also benefited the investors of the DP World due to the emerging trend of the global economy. DP World has escaped the Wall Street crunch and the consecutive downturn of the global economy as witnessed in 2008 and have successfully returned to the range of 40% with $2.7 billion of cash along with the long-term debt of the company. Thus, the rise of DP World has been a consistent one. But the company has clearly shown signs of overvaluation with its IPO price which has turned out to be 22times the value of the shares of the company. The main reason behind this is the fall in the share price of the company from $1.20 to $ 0.70 at the time of the global financial meltdown in 2008-09. The IPO rate of the company was traded at a higher range which led to the investors investing in the higher range to get a substantial return from the company. In a process of making quick profit, the stocks of the company became overvalued. Generally, global container companies trade 9 times the earnings of the company, so the DP World’s valuation metrics increased by 12 times the earnings of the company. This resulted in the price earnings ratio of the company to rise at 25 times in 2011. An increase in the price earnings ratio of the company can also be another reason for the over valuation of the stock of DP World. Moreover, listing of the stocks of DP World in the LSE (London Stock Exchange) can be the reason behind the overvaluation of DP World stock. Even the stock split strategy of the company was a reason for the overvaluation of the stocks of DP World. The volat ility of the market can result in the valuation of the stocks of the company to be either over valued or undervalued. The consistency of the DP World can be witnessed from the annual report of the company, which shows the company is progressing randomly whereas the financial global economy has not revived likewise causing the overvaluation of the stocks of DP World. However, the fall in the revenue of the company from $3,188,941,000 (in 2010) to $2,977,731,000 (in 2011) is slowly leading to the

Observations about the communication skills Movie Review

Observations about the communication skills - Movie Review Example This simply backs up what came out of her mouth—she doesn’t really want to be having this conversation. This can be seen further on in the conversation when the teacher correctly states that a joint effort is needed between the two of them in order to fix Timmy’s behavioral problems. Mrs. Smith gets all defensive by saying that there are no problems at home and it must only be a problem at school. This is reinforced by the way that she crosses her arms over her front. There is no need for her to act in this way because the teacher is not looking to attack Timmy at all. She only wants to help, but Mrs. Smith is misinterpreting it as an attack on Timmy. Mrs. Smith would do what any parent would do when they felt that their son was under attack. Mrs. Smith then attempts to deflect the focus of the conversation back to teacher by saying that she hates Timmy and is out to get her son. This technique shows that Mrs. Smith is feeling vulnerable and perhaps a little guilty for the behavior of Timmy. By shifting the focus away from Timmy and onto the teacher, Mrs. Smith is able to portray a situation where the teacher is in fact the problem. The teacher deflects this attack, although she is a little hurt by it. This is shown when she folds her hands, again suggesting a defensive position. Both of them do not feel comfortable in the room, although they both argue their points strongly. Mrs. Smith seems to know a lot about Timmy’s performance at school even though she does not get to see it firsthand. The conversation conveniently switches to an argument about Timmy’s learning disabilities and whether or not he should be receiving special attention at school. The teacher then concedes the point by saying that she will see what she can do for him by referring him to the gifted and talented kids program. Mrs. Smith would do well to listen to what the teacher has to say and then coming up with a

Movie review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Movie review - Essay Example The movie may be an animation, but it has been geared to be of interest to both adults and kids. In my opinion, this movie ought to be for ages 9 and above. There are plenty of lessons and layers packed into the vibrantly and cheerfully colored, animated package. Ted, who is the main character, decides to try to find a genuine Truffula tree to make an impression on a girl called Audrey. They reside in a city called Thneedville, which is encircled by a cement wall where every person has to buy air in bottles. In Thneedville, there exists no soil and no living thing except the inhabitants and their pets. Every person is jovial, and everything is not genuine. As a young man, the Once-Ler begins to argue that his fortune makes thneeds, which he fashioned from the Truffula trees’ tufts. After chopping down the first tree, he comes across the Lorax, who speaks on behalf of the trees, and tells him that he must not chop them down because this would cause the wrath of nature to stumble upon him. The Once-Ler in due course promises not to bring down any more trees and tries unproductively to sell his product. Finally, in a dumb luck’s stroke, the society makes a decision that a thneed is, in fact, great, and all of a sudden every person must have one. The enterprise develops, and all the trees are cut. With the natural world scraped, the people must depend on bought clean air and stay inside the city’s walls. Towards the story’s ending, the Once-Ler comprehends the meaning behind the last message from Lorax and offers Ted a gift of the last Truffula seed in anticipation of planting it and re-developing the forest. The desire of Ted to impress Audrey is now a personal task to remind his town of nature’s importance. Enter Ted, who obtains the last Truffula seed from the Once-Ler after having his own eco-conversion, is determined to make known corporate corruption, save the earth, and win the heart of Audrey.

Do Oil Prices Influence Non-Oil Sector Stocks in Saudi Arabia Research Paper

Do Oil Prices Influence Non-Oil Sector Stocks in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example The research will also investigate the role of the country’s oil dependence on the stock market in Saudi Arabia too as it has been previously confirmed by research. Besides, the research is also going to confirm whether the dependence of the Saudi Arabian economy on oil is much higher than in the US, as it has been established before that contrary to the finding of this report for US, a higher correlation is always expected between oil prices and stocks in Saudi Arabia. This report includes 8 main sections including the Introduction, Literature review, Research methodology, Findings and Conclusions. The introduction provides a background and context for the research done, as well as describing the scope and objectives of the report, the achievements of previous studies and an overview of the entire research briefly explaining the contents in other sections. In the Literature review the existing studies in this field are discussed. The research methodology and findings section describe the method of data collection, as well as a detailed analysis of the results and how they were obtained. The Conclusion summarises the issues discussed in the research, as well as the achievements. This paper also discusses the statistical data collected and evaluates the research compared to existing work and set the direction for future work in this field. I. Introduction Oil is one of the most important economic resources in world’s economy today. The context of oil has been found to be more important in the Saudi Arabian economy as it is has one of the biggest reserves of oil (one-fifth of world’s total) and is the second largest producer (behind Russia) of oil in the world. The government of Saudi Arabia has been encouraging private sector participation and growth in an effort to reduce the kingdom's over-dependence on oil, while increasing opportunities for employment within the citizenry. This research will aim to investigate whether high oil prices, hi gh volatility in oil prices, and oil price shocks lead to reduced economic activity and lower stock returns in Saudi Arabia as it has been confirmed previously. There is a limited amount of existing research on the influence of oil prices on non-oil sector stocks in Saudi Arabia. The available research does not indicate whether oil prices indeed influences the stock prices or not. From enterprises’ point of view, as a large part of Saudi Arabian economy is controlled by exports, especially oil exports, the effect on oil price will be investigated to determine whether it makes an indirect impact on businesses in Saudi Arabia. Many leading economists and several theories in economics point to the impact of oil price changes in world economies have studied fluctuations and shocks in oil prices intensively. The context of oil is even more important in the Saudi Arabian economy as it is has one of the biggest reserves of oil (one-fifth of world’s total) and is the second la rgest producer (behind Russia) of oil in the world. Saudi Arabia has proven oil reserves of 264.52 billion barrels of oil (OPEC, 2011) and was only recently surpassed by Venezuela who claimed their oil reserves had risen to 269.5 billion barrels of oil. In terms of oil production, Saudi Arabia has a quota allocation of just over 30% of production among Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) countries. The Saudi Arabian oil production in 2010 was 9.1 million barrels per day, which accounted for

Cuban Revolution Essay Example for Free

Cuban Revolution Essay The most transformative event for Latin America would have to be the Cuban Revolution. It all began when when Sergeant Fulgencio Batista seized power during a election. Batista had been president from 1940-1944 and ran for president in 1952. When it became apparent that he would lose, he took power before the elections and cancelled them. The people in Cuba were disgusted with his power grab, which left them preferring Cuba’s democracy. Fidel Castro being a rising political maker, decided to plot against Batista. On the July 26, 1953, Castro made his move. In order to suceed, he needed weapons, therefore he chose to attack the Moncada Barracks. He had 138 men attacked the compound at dawn: it was hoped that the element of surprise would make up for the rebels’ lack of numbers and arms. The attack was a fiasco almost from the start and the rebels were routed after a firefight that lasted a few hours. Many were captured. Fidel and his younger brother escaped, but were captured later. But Fidel being an attorney, was able to turn the tables on Batista by making the trial about the power grab. Basically, his argument was that as a loyal Cuban, he had taken up arms against the dictatorship because it was his civic duty. He made long speeches and the government tried to shut him up. He was sentenced to fifteen years in prison. But somehow manage to become a nationally recognized figure and a hero to many poor Cubans. Even other rebel groups took up the fight as well. They stood behind Castro, giving Batista no choice but to leave. He and his inner circle, took what loot they could gather up and fled. Batista authorized some of his subordinates to deal with Castro and the rebels. The people of Cuba took to the streets, joyfully greeting the rebels. Little did the people now that Castro was a communist and that change was going to happen. The revolution in Cuba was a disaster, especially for the Cuban people. There was no free thought or artistic freedom. Anyone who dissented against Castro was jailed, tortured, and sometimes murdered. The Cuban people also lost their economic freedom and any chance of upward mobility. Their socialist economy has produced a scarcity of even the basic necessities of life. Most countries in the world trade with Cuba, but they still live in overty unimagined in the U. S. All classes lost, except for the ruling communists. Under Batista, who was no angel as well, Cubans never took the drastic steps to escape their homeland that are now common. After the revolution countless Cubans risked everything, including their lives, by taking to the sea in rickety boats in a desperate attempt to reach the U. S. The Cuban revolution is on going. It depends on which side you support or your politics that will sway your opinion. Nevertheless, Cuba will return to a U. S. like democracy as soon as the dollars flow in. It has been known that Cuba would become more democratic and more free. However, corruption in Cubas socialist government was minimal, and was zero when compared with the corruption of U. S. supported governments in Cuba. Now compare the Revolution of Mexico to Cubas. Mexico developed a sense of identity and purpose. They also established guidelines for future Mexican policies and Leaders. Porfirio Diaz was the leader of an undemcratic Mexico that was an alliance of the military, foreign interests, wealthy farm owners, and the Catholic Church. Actually, the governments that followed promised a republic, but did not deliver. Later on Emiliano Zapata, became the symbol of land reform and proud ideological purity, has become an international icon for just rebellion against a corrupt system. Though he was later on murdered, he is forever remembered as a hero. The effects of both these revolutions brought changes to their countries. In some matter the change was not good, like in Cuba. It still is the same, being said that it’s a communist country. Mexico in the other hand became more democratic, therefore the people have a little more say I what they want.

Adaptation To Climate Change In Mauritius Environmental Sciences Essay

Adaptation To Climate Change In Mauritius Environmental Sciences Essay Climate change has been the most debated environmental issue in the political ecology arena in the last two decades. After initiating global discussions in 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio, the United Nations established the Framework Convention in 1994 on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Subsequently, the Kyoto protocol was signed in 1997 by nations except the United States. Many rounds of negotiations have been going on to combat climate change since then. Among other problems resulting from climate change, sea temperature rise in addition to modifications in the intensity and extremes of precipitation patterns and storms are of great importance. Consequent floods and droughts as well as rises in sea level are affecting water quality and aggravating water pollution. Observational records and climate projections provide abundant evidence that freshwater resources are vulnerable and have the potential to be strongly impacted by climate change, with wide-ranging consequences for human societies and ecosystems.(Bates et al., 2008, p.3). Mauritius forms part of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) which are among the least responsible for climate change (UNFCCC, 2005, p.2.) but are more prone to suffer from its adverse effects. The UNFCC report also reveals that 60 per cent of the water supply for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes in Mauritius comes from groundwater and boreholes found near the coast might be adversely impacted by saltwater intrusion (UNFCCC, 2005, p.17). Current solutions to climate change impacts vary from mitigation, which implies reducing the level of human activities that cause climate change, to adaptation, namely by finding ways to lessen vulnerability and minimise harm caused by the impacts. While mitigation is the most suitable solution, it will not bring immediate results and adaptation is consequently a heavily discussed option. As an institutional endeavour to handle adaptation to climate change in Mauritius, the government has an ongoing project under the Africa Adaptation Program, the ultimate goal being revision of policies and identification of adaptation measures for further implementation. However, for successful achievement of policy measures about adaptation to climate change, much public acceptance, understanding and participation is needed. The aim of this research is an understanding and analysis of the perception of undergraduates in Mauritius regarding climate change and adaptation to it, principally with regard to the water resources sector. The findings are meant to help the ongoing governmental program of adaptation to climate change in Mauritius by exploring in particular the perception of young academics with regard to the water sector, identifying their preferred adaptation options and assessing their willingness of participation in implementing measures. Introduction The threat from further global warming has catapulted the environment to the summit of the political agenda with climate change as a major concern. The environment envelops an extended range of inter-reliant troubles: flood, drought, desertification, water shortage, deforestation, storm surges, food and malnutrition, species extinction, human health, soil erosion and waste to name a few. As such, the link between the natural and social magnitude of environmental problems can be clearly made. The degree of impact of climate change upon different bionetwork and state economies will depend not only on the sensitivity of those systems to the problem, but also on their aptitude to climate change adaptation. Climate change in itself is a massive crisis and encapsulates several spheres such as impact on Food and Agriculture, Land usage for settlement, tourism, the fisheries sector, Human health, and water resources among others. Water is indispensable to human life and many activities. Our climate, our biosphere and our socio-economic systems are interconnected in an intricate fashion, such that a change in any one of these induces a change in another. Anthropogenic climate change adds a major pressure to nations that are already tackling the issue of sustainable freshwater use. The challenges related to freshwater are: having too much water, having too little water, and having too much pollution. Each of these problems may be aggravated by climate change. For that reason, the correlation between climate change and water resources is of primary concern and significance. So far, water resource issues with respect to climate change have not been adequately tackled pertaining to policy formulations. Consequently, adjusting to or dealing with climate change will become necessary in certain regions and for certain socioeconomic and ecological systems. The need for adaptation may be scaled by ever growing populations especially in areas susceptible to these extreme events. Adaptation now appears to emerge as a new potential solution to the climate change but is not always very comprehensive. From definitions, adaptation refers to adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts (IPCC, 2007). In other words, it refers to changes in normal processes, customary practices, and structures to restrain likely damages or to profit from opportunity related with climate change. It should be however highlighted that adaptation to environmental change is not a new concept. Our civilization has demonstrated throughout History a strong adaptation capability to different weather conditions and natural changes. T his recent global and local issue of adaptation requires a scientific, economic, political, social and cultural approach and is a multifaceted situation that calls for understanding and recognition by all stakeholders, including decision-makers and the society in general. The island of Mauritius forms part of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) with special needs and concerns and is highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. Human induced climate change such as global warming as well as natural disasters like tsunami and storms have a direct impact on the water resources of SIDS. Being categorized as high priority, freshwater quality and quantity in addition to management and planning demands urgent adaptation action and financial resources to support such action. (WGII TAR Chapter 17). According to the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDFC) established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), countries should prepare and submit a National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) which enumerates ranked priority adaptation activities and projects to facilitate the development of proposals for implementation. Under the Water Sector priority, SIDS which have already submitted their NAPA (as at Septembe r 2008) have been taken into consideration, to be able to derive similarities and consequent adaptation and mitigation actions to climate change planned by them. This will be used as a basis to analyse their applicability in Mauritius, which has not yet documented its NAPA. SIDS taken into consideration are : In the region of Africa: Cape Verde, Comoros, Guinea Bissau, and Sao Tome e Principe In the region of Asia and the Pacific: Kiribati, Maldives, Samoa, Tuvalu, Vanuatu In the region of Latin America and the Carribean: Haiti Analysis have resulted into specific key problem areas namely, the unavailability or limited availability of drinkable water due to changing weather conditions and the lack of proper infrastructures to manage and sustain water resources, the deterioration of the quality of potable water owing to several factors (for e.g. saline intrusion from sea level rise, soil erosion, unplanned sewerage development, bad waste water management amongst others in underground water sources), poor agricultural production and the negative effects on food security (for e.g production shortages, disruption in the vegetative growing, traditional irrigation methods etc) and other problem factors related to water specific to each SIDS (for example airports of Maldives suffered significant damages due to flooding in addition to impending threat of sea level rise, tsunami caused destruction of the poor sewerage systems, use of traditional sources of water for eg in Sao Tome e Principe) Various global and SIDS adaptation options being either implemented or proposed and which can be considered for implementations in the local context are listed below: Development of water harnessing, collection and storage infrastructures by building reservoirs and dams, encouraging use of individual water-saving devices and promoting safe rainwater harvesting through ground catchment and roof catchment systems, Elaboration of decentralized management plans on water production and distribution infrastructures, Elaboration and implementation of legislation and regulation, with practical modalities of application very defined, Design and construction of suitable sewage treatment and disposal systems to safeguard water resources, Establishing modeling maps and an information and monitoring system on water resources Institutionalization of management system, with the purpose of putting in practice the national politics of the water resources, Reducing leakage in supply systems, Carrying out participatory research on the knowledge of traditional practices of adaptation to the variations of the water cycle. As an institutional endeavour to handle adaptation to climate change in Mauritius, the government also has an ongoing documentation project under the Africa Adaptation Program, the ultimate goal being revision of policies and identification of adaptation measures for further implementation. However, according to Breton et al. (p.15), political measures regarding climate change will require a certain degree of acceptance and public understanding to be able to be implemented. What is climate change in the eyes of the public? What do citizens believe can be done to lessen damages caused by adverse impacts? A study by Leiserowitz in 2007 on international public perception states that social scientists have found that public risk perceptions strongly influence the way people respond to hazards (p.1). Thus, comprehension of how the public perceives climate change and adaptation is a key element in directing the actions that enable both raising awareness and motivating behavioral changes in the population at large. The study of public perception on climate change is of major importance nowadays, as Leiserowitz confirms Since 1988, numerous public opinion polls have found that Americans, Europeans, and Japanese are increasingly aware of and concerned about global climate change and supportive of a wide range of mitigation and adaptation policies (2007, p.3) and different international studies agree on the point that citizens concern for climate change is high. If we look again at the study carried out by Leiserowitz, the conclusion is that large majorities worldwide already believe that climate change is a very serious problem and are growing more concerned (2007, p.34). Globescan (2000 cited in Leiserowitz 2007, p.29) adds that on rating the seriousness of eight environmental issues, water resources ranks first and the results of a survey of 34 countries demonstrate very high levels of public concern about a wide range of environmental issues, from local problems like water and air pollution to global problems like ozone depletion and climate change. In a new survey of 30 countries, Globescan (2001 cited in Leiserowitz 2007, p.11) also finds that Worldwide, the potential impacts of climate change on human health were the single most cited, followed by drought and water shortages, species loss, and extreme weather events whereby drought and water shortages hold a second place as being one possible impact most concerning people personally. According to findings of another survey carried out on climate change belief in Britain (Poortinga et al., 2006, p.19) in 2005, an overwhelming majority of respondents (91%) believe that the worlds climate is changing. The survey concludes that a clear majority of respondents (62%) also indicate that every possible action should be taken against climate change (2006, p. 19), and almost half of the respondents would be prepared to take part in a public discussion or hearing about climate change (2006, p.13). A study by Maddison in 2007 of the public perception of agriculturalists in 11 African countries regarding climate change mentions that When temperatures change farmers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ practice increased water conservation (p. 2). This research will be focusing on the perception of Mauritian university undergraduates on the topic of climate change and adaptation to it, particularly with regard to the water resources sector. The findings of the research would be made available to policy-makers to enable them to propose more practical, focused policies and measures and to deal with the priority level that academics give to adaptation. The background of the proposed study is of great interest because the university students will be required in the future to participate in the implementation of various adaptation and mitigation measures both as citizens and decision makers. Aims and objectives The aim of this research is an understanding and analysis of the perception of undergraduates in Mauritius regarding climate change and adaptation to it, principally with regard to the water resources sector. This research is meant to help an ongoing governmental program of adaptation to climate change in Mauritius by exploring in particular the issue of perception of young academics. Awareness of the perception of climate change and adaptation as well as attitudes and preferences of young academics in Mauritius can help in setting up adaptation priorities specific to the island. Fostering the involvement of young people can facilitate better design of guidelines to adapt to the concerns of the population and aid in producing more effective communication policies. The objective of the study is to discover the view of the university students with regard to climate change and its associated events and whether they perceive implementation of any adaptation measure in the water resources sector to have taken place by now. Another objective will be to ascertain the preferences of those youngsters on the subject of adaptation and mitigation options with respect to the water resources area. The paper will also target to find out whether academic youngsters notice any obstruction to adaptation and will attempt to discover the proportion of youngsters that are aware of climate change but have not yet reacted. Matters considered would be whether they believe climate change to be a very serious problem, their extent of concern for climate change, their view on the duty of institutions to overcome barriers to adaptation, their level of knowledge and information and their preferences regarding different adaptation options. Their rating of seriousness of wa ter resources compared to a range of environmental issues will also be assessed in addition to which extent they consider droughts and water shortages to be a personal concern. The research therefore endeavors to improve our understanding of the links between undergraduates perceptions on climate change and its impacts with regards to water-related issues on one hand, as well as adaptation and mitigation response options preferred by those youngsters, on the other hand. The research will also be carried out in an attempt to inform policymakers and stakeholders about the implications of climate change and climate change response options for water resources, in order to facilitate better design of guidelines to adapt to the concerns of the population and aid in producing more effective awareness campaigns and education policies if necessary. . List of hypotheses Based on several researches that have been done at global level regarding the public perception of climate change and adaptation in the field of water resources, our first hypothesis for this study is that large majorities worldwide already believe that climate change is a very serious problem and are growing more concerned (Leiserowitz, 2007, p.34). The second hypothesis of our study is that when rating the seriousness of a range of environmental issues, water resources problem is ranked first, as confirmed by the findings of the survey of 34 countries carried out by Globescan (2000 cited in Leiserowitz 2007, p.29). The third hypothesis is based on the survey of 30 countries carried out by Globescan (2001 cited in Leiserowitz 2007, p.11) whereby among a list of possible impacts of climate change, drought and water shortages ranked first and second respectively, as being one most possible impact concerning people personally. Methodology The study will be based on a structured questionnaire survey to be carried out at the University of Technology, Mauritius, and the University of Mauritius. The targeted respondents would include some 240 fulltime students, equally divided between each university. A batch of 60 undergraduates studying environment and sustainable development subjects at Level 1 will be selected, as well as a group of 60 level 1 students following other courses, as a pre-survey tactic. To get data on their level of knowledge, another set of level 3 students, 60 learning environment and sustainable development subjects and 60 studying other subjects will also be interrogated. The respondents will be selected considering gender equality and there will be no age limit, so long that the students are either at Level 1 or level 3 of their studies. The questionnaire will be prepared by considering the significance of the knowledge of the academics and to ensure that our objectives will be met. The feedback form will be in English language, which undergraduates will have no difficulty to understand. The interviewers will assist the participants by discussing all questions in the survey document. Survey questions will cover several topics linked to climate change and adaptation in the water resources sector, including: Awareness of climate change and its associated events; Awareness of adaptation measures that exist or can be proposed in the water sector; Perception that implementation of any adaptation measure in the water resources sector has already occurred; preferences regarding adaptation and mitigation options with respect to the water resources area; perceived obstruction to adaptation; Perception of the duty of institutions to overcome barriers to adaptation; Perception on degree of availability of knowledge and information on the matter; Degree of agreement to participate in public debates on the issue of water resources, and Proportion of youngsters that are aware of climate change but have not yet reacted to that, including grounds for action and non action. Open-ended questions will be used regarding grounds for action and non action as well as to gather any personal adaptation proposal not listed in the feedback form. The data obtained during the questionnaire survey will be summarized by making use of computer software for statistical analysis. Benefits of the research Policy-makers at the level of the State and local Government and local authorities will benefit from the findings of the research as they will be able to propose more practical, focused policies and measures which will help in solving the problem of adaptation to climate change in the water resources sector locally. The study will also help in setting up adaptation priorities specific to the island. The Ministry of Renewable Energy and Public Utilities, the Central Water Authority and the Waste Water Management Authority will benefit from the findings of the study when drafting their policy document regarding water resource and its sustainable management. The undergraduates themselves and the academic society in general would benefit from the findings which will indicate the priority level tertiary level students give to this question of adaptation in the field of water resources. Fostering the involvement of young people can also facilitate better design of guidelines to adapt to the concerns of the whole population and aid in producing more effective communication policies, which will be advantageous to the general public. The future generation would gain from the study as the findings would help the current generation in devising practical solutions which will foster sustainable development, given that adverse climate change impacts, if not mitigated, prevent a country from succeeding in the implementation of its sustainable development goals. Time plan The duration of the project is of 12 weeks starting as from Saturday 13 March 2010 till the Saturday 29 May 2010. Figure 1 shows a Gantt chart that has been prepared in this respect to illustrate the project task duration against time. The Gantt chart allows up to date monitoring of the project at any point in time and should the project digress against final plan, remedial actions can thus be taken without delay. Figure 1: Gantt chart for research project Cost Estimates Project Component Total Costs 1 Questionnaire Printing: Photocopy costs Rs 1500 2 Questionnaire distribution and Collection: Transport costs Rs 1000 3 Communications Rs 3000 4 Miscellaneous costs (stationery and others) Rs 500 Total costs estimates Rs 6000

Internet Cookies :: Essays Papers

Internet Cookies Most Experienced Web visitors and even new ones know about cookies these days. Cookies are small data files that are being put on your hard drive by Web sites when you visit them. They do this for many different reasons. One of them is to identify you as a distinctive visitor by identifying your Web browser software. When your return to the Web site that has stored a cookie, it will search your computer for those cookies, and they will know what you were doing in the past. It may update your cookie. This way the site can customize its contents depending on previous activities. It will also allow the site to provide customized news, weather, sports information, and many other things based on stated interests. In theory, a cookie only transmits information back to the Web site that put it there and can’t be accessed by other parties. But some Internet advertising companies had crossed the limits of using their own cookies. These companies use cookies to create highly sophisticated profiles of online visitors, most of the time without visitors’ knowledge and usually without their consent DoubleClick Whenever I go to any site on the Web and I see an advertisement, I DoubleClick on it in order to view it. DoubleClick has taken the first step in building a profile on my surfing habits. From this point on, until I change browser, buy a new computer, or delete my cookie files, DoubleClick can track my browser’s activity across all sites. DoubleClick controls sixty percent of the banner ad market. This profiling powerhouse collects data about where I go and what I do on line. DoubleClick rents or sells this data to other companies, allowing them to broadcast advertising e-mails to recipients whoses urfing habits fit a desired profile. DoubleClick associates these files through cookies obtained on my hard drive. By sending out junk e-mail with graphics, advertisers can match e-mail addresses with previously issued cookies. Privacy advocates contend that DoubleClick’s use of cookies is an invasion of privacy and could lead to misuse of the information. Consumer Privacy and Cookies Under the â€Å"Options† or â€Å"Preferences â€Å" menus, most current Web browsers can be set to reject cookies or alert surfers when one is being sent, but this may prevent you from accessing some sites at all.

Essay --

In the novel, Emma, Austen introduced her audience to a new idea of patriarchy. While she is known to satirize society for the â€Å"faulty education of female children, limited expectations for girls and women, and the perils of the marriage market† (â€Å"Austen, Jane†). Austen expresses the irony of the men of her patriarchal society and proposes the ideal gentleman in Mr. Knightley. In Emma, Austen moves away from â€Å"a traditional idea of 'natural' male supremacy towards a 'modern' notion of gender equity† (Marsh). Jane Austen is a revolutionary in the way she transforms the idea of Nineteenth Century patriarchy by not â€Å"reinforcing the traditional gender stereotypes† (Rosenbury) but instead challenging the status quo. While her characters still hold some ties to traditional ideals, Austen proves to be ahead of her time, influencing the way gender is regarded today. In the Eighteenth and Nineteenth centuries, the idea of patriarchy ruled the many societies all over the world. Particularly in Britain, its â€Å"overarching patriarchal model† (Marsh) had â€Å"reserved power and privilege for men† (Marsh). Also during this time period feminist literature began to arise and was invaded by, â€Å"the complex social, ethical, and economic roots of sexual politics†¦ as testimony to gender bias and the double standard† (â€Å"Sexual Politics and Feminist Literature†). In Jane Austen’s writing, readers have been aware of her constant themes of female independence and gender equality. However, many have criticized the author for the fact that many of her â€Å"individualistic† female characters have ended up married. However, â€Å"for pragmatic reasons, the author’s conclusions favor marriage as the ultimate solution, but her pairings predict happiness† (â€Å"Austen, Jane†). Als... ...ied about his intentions during the entire novel, no one truly knows him. Frank’s uncle, Mr. Churchill is inferior to his wife in regards of control. Throughout the novel the reader hears more about his wife than they hear about him. Their relationship represents complete switch of the traditional idea of man being superior to woman. The Knightleys however, John and Isabella, are purely conventional and are ideal couple for Nineteenth Century society’s times. Mr. Elton does not represent true gentility while Mr. Weston too gentle. Although all of these characters have their flaws, Austen finds her perfect figure in George Knightley. His infallible nature is unrealistic, yet it gives society the ultimate gentleman to aspire for. Austen’s Emma is more than a comedic novel of manners but also a quintessential piece that fits perfectly into the lives of today’s society.

Things Fall Apart Essay -- Essays Papers

Things Fall Apart Opposites do not Attract In Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, Mr. Brown, the first missionary in Umuofia, was a kind and respectful man. Not to say that Reverend James Smith was not, but his degree of kindness and respect were present in a whole different level. They both wanted to convert the lost, all those in Umuofia that were not in the church. Mr. Brown made friends with the clan and â€Å"trod softly on his faith,† (pg.178) while Mr. Smith told them how things were in a harsh voice and tried to force his religion on the people of Umuofia. The impacts the two had on the people and the church were exact opposites. Mr. Brown was â€Å"very firm in restraining his flock from the clan† (pg. 178) and learned from talking to those within the group that â€Å"a frontal attack on the clan would not succeed† (pg.181). Because of this insight he gained great respect with many of the high officials. Once he was even â€Å"presented with a carved elephant tusk, which was a sign of great dignity and rank† (pg.179) by Akunna. With this earned admiration he was able to open not only a town store, but a hospital and a school as well. He pleaded for the clan to send their children and all others who wanted to, to attend his school. At first everyone was reluctant to explore this new option for education. Those that chose to attend Mr. Brown’s school would not only learn how to read and write, but they would also learn how to fight back against th...

Murder in Cathedral Essay

T.S.ELIOT is one of the great drametists in English literary worlde. From his literature, we can feel the great aesthetic pleasure. I have studied various plays included in my course. But â€Å"murder in cathedral† really different in them. It has its own greatness and the literary heights. Poetic form Eliot felt, is the most apt form of expression in the theatre. In his view, Ibsen, Stirnberg, and Chekhov were the limits of prose. In contrast to them are Yeats and Hofmannsthal who kept alive the ancient and traditionally affinity between drama and poetry. â€Å"Doctor Faustus†, â€Å"Pygmalion†, â€Å"The Alchmeist†, â€Å"the playboy of the western world†, â€Å"look back in anger† and other plays which are in my course have different style, diction, story, language and all the literary things. But â€Å"murder in cathedral† has the strength that it is the great poetic drama written by Eliot. It is the great play as a poetic drama. In â€Å"the music of poetry† (1942) Eliot acknowledges his bias in favour of the poetry to which he was indebted as a poet, and says that the music of poetry is not independent of the meaning. The meaning of poetry is sometimes beyond the poet’s intentions. He saw possibilities of theme recurrence and transitions in poetry as in music, and thought the concert hall more likely to quicken poetry them the opera house. He said that without poets of unusual sensibility and command of language, culture will deteriorate â€Å"poetry and drama† is notable for the retrospective attention. Eliot gives to his own development as a playwright, he finds that he has been writing variations on the theme of poetic drama throughout his career. For Eliot the highest aim of poetic drama is to bring us to the border of those feelings which are expressible only in music, without leaving the everyday world of dramatic action. â€Å"look back in anger† was considered a revolutionary Play but it has no element of poetic drama. Ben Jonson’s â€Å"The Alchemist† has the great touch of great characterization and language but it has not the simplicity and continuous development of the story like â€Å"Murder In The Cathedral†. â€Å"Doctor Faustus† is a tragic drama but as a poetic drama â€Å"Murder In The Cathedral† has its own class in drama. â€Å"Pygmalion† is primerarly a play about speech and phonetics, but related to it are Shaw’s social concerns. Eliot was accurately aware of the fact that his play was to be performed like Greek tragedy. T.S.Eliot’s essays on drama can be devided in to three parts; first, the Elizabathen essaya which discuss the criteria for drama. Second his assessment of the situation in contemporary theatre and ideal of poetic drama. Eliot’s statement about his ideal of poetic drama are rarely useful for the critic and the writers. He was has own thoughts different from others on poetic drama. So, his drama â€Å"Murder in Cathedral† has all the poetic element on which Eliot gave statements and thoughts. He creats the different way for poetic drama in English literature. While advocating the need for a poetic drama in modern times, Eliot stated that â€Å" a new dramatic literature can not come about until audience and producers can help poets write for the theatre.† He thought about the future of poetic drama that time, we can believe that â€Å"Murder In Cathedral† is Eliot’s most successful integration of his dramatic theories. No doubt, there are many great plays in English literature but â€Å"Murder in Cathedral† is special for the readers.

My Favorite Entrepreneur Essay

My favorite entrepreneur: Ms. Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey was born into poverty by a teenage single mother in 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi. For the earliest years of her life she was raised by her maternal grandmother, and under her kind-hearted discipline was taught to read by the age of two and speak exceptionally by the age of three. When Winfrey was six years old, she was sent to live with her mother in Wisconsin. She was submerged into inner-city Milwaukee, and faced the hardships of growing up in the urban ghetto. Her mother had many problems of her own and was so consumed by them that she was unable to give attention to her daughter. This had many adverse consequences, and left Winfrey vulnerable to multiple counts of sexual abuse at an early age, including by her mother’s boyfriend, a teenage cousin, and a family friend. She also became pregnant at the age of 14, but her son died at infancy. As she got older, she struggled with racism and was discriminated against by her peers because of her economic status. The neglect and problems she encountered led Winfrey to develop an aggressive attitude, and eventually her mother could no longer deal with Winfrey’s delinquency and so she sent her to live with her father in Nashville, Tennessee. With his strict disciplinary mechanisms and value for education, Winfrey’s father helped her turn her life around. She became an honor student and at the age of 17 began her broadcasting career on the radio station WVOL. She earned a scholarship to Tennessee State University and studied drama and speech. At the age of 19 she landed an anchor position for WTVF-TV, Nashville’s CBS affiliate. Here she was the first African-American and the youngest person to ever be an anchor on the network. Not too late afterwards in 1976 she moved to Boston to take on a position as co-anchor for WJZ-TV evening news. However, it was hard for her to contain her emotions on many of her stories, and her attachment to the subject matter made her a poor fit for the position. She was fired for these reasons. Nevertheless, a manager at the network saw her ability to connect closely with the subjects and her excellent communication skills and found a position more suited towards her as a co-host on talk show People Are Talking. The show’s ratings soared, and Winfrey’s success attracted attention in the Midwest where she was offered a position as anchor on AM Chicago. It almost instantly became the #1 local talk show and within a year was renamed the Oprah Winfrey Show. The show was soon picked up in 120 cities and became the nation’s top talk show. However, Winfrey did not like the idea of working for someone else, and in 1986 she founded Harpo, Inc. and took on the Oprah Winfrey Show by 1988 in her own studio in Chicago. The third woman in history to own and produce her own show, as well as the first African-American to own her own entertainment production company, Winfrey was capitalizing success. The early years of the program was classified as a tabloid talk show, however as years went on Winfrey adopted broader topics such as disease, spirituality, substance abuse, geopolitics, domestic topics, celebrity interviews, and philanthropy. She herself has become one of our world’s most noted philanthropists and also hosts televised giveaways. In addition to her talk show, Winfrey acted and voiced-over in different movies and TV shows, as well as ones she produced herself like The Women of Brewster Place and Brewster Place. Furthermore, Winfrey has co-authored five books and publishes O, The Oprah Magazine and O at Home, which was dubbed the most successful start-up ever in the industry by Fortune in 2002. She also created her website Oprah. com, one of the top women’s lifestyles websites, as well as Oprah’s Book Club, the largest book club in the world. Winfrey went on to co-found women’s cable television network Oxygen. In January, 2011, Discovery Health Channel was changed into a new channel called OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network. Winfrey, for many years now, has been viewed as the most powerful woman in the entertainment industry, and even beyond the entertainment industry. The Wall Street Journal coined the term â€Å"Oprahfication† meaning therapy through public confession, and there have been numerous incidents of the â€Å"Oprah effect† where her public opinions influence consumer choices. She has been invited onto the corporate boards of AT&T, Ralph Lauren, and Intel, all of which she turned down. Winfrey holds a fairly private personal and business life, as all her employees are sworn to keep things private for the remaining of their lives, and she holds full control in all her distribution deals with ABC, Oxygen Network, and Hearst Magazines. She also holds 90% of Harpo’s stock. By the age of 41, Winfrey had a net worth of $340 million and replaced Bill Cosby as the only African American on the Forbes 400. She has remained the only African American to rank among America’s 400 richest people nearly every year since 1995, and is the ichest African American of the 20th century. From 2004 to 2006 Winfrey was the world’s only black billionaire and the first black woman billionaire in world history. In 2010 she took on the title of the richest self-made woman in America. Her 2011 salary was $290 million and she had a set worth of $2. 7 billion. Throughout this all, Winfrey is lives her life by two principles: live a great life for yourself and make a differenc e in the world. These have been motivating factors for Winfrey too overcome the different struggles in her life and pull forward to a positive outcome. Her intellectual and emotional qualities paved the way for her to really connect with diverse people of difference backgrounds, values, and experiences, and to open up all sorts of subject matter in a some-how comfortable setting although very public. Her public speaking and proficient communication abilities allowed her to emerge as such a strong candidate in the industry. Even with that, Winfrey is a woman of self-improvement and took improv classes at Chicago’s own Second City to work on her presence and wit in high pressure situations like on talk shows and live television. But her success isn’t all in her broadcasting or talk shows. In fact, Winfrey says her success began as a third grader when she turned her book report in early. She stands by the ideas to always go the extra mile, and that we are all entitled to success. â€Å"Let excellence be your brand,† Winfrey says at a 2012 speech to Spellman College graduates. Winfrey is a strong believer in doing the right thing, and she guarantees that doing right will only allow for right to come back to you and carry you on your way to success. Another point Winfrey strongly upholds is finding a way to serve. She says that she doesn’t serve TV she serves the world through TV, and that is what each of us should do as we find our niches– to use our success as a way to serve. Furthermore, Winfrey believes it is key to know who you are and to take charge of your life. Making decisions for one’s self and pursuing goals is absolutely critical if one wants to find success. Winfrey was able to use these ideals, lessons from her life, and her true passions and talents to go from rags to riches, to become the Queen of talk shows, and a historical success legend.

A Woman Named Martha Josey Essay

Barrel racing is one of the rare sports developed initially for women. It is a â€Å"rodeo event in which a horse and the rider attempts to make a run as fast as possible and complete the given pattern† (Hubbard 1999). Any device that has a timer will be the judge for this kind of sport as it aims to record the level of speed. The timer â€Å"begins when the rider cross the start line and ends when the rider successfully executed the barrel pattern or when they cross the finish line†. Apparently, this kind of sport needs a great deal of strength, athletic ability, intelligence and drive; and therefore needs a lot of training. Barrel racing and horsemanship to be executed by women is somehow amazing. Some suggest that this kind of sport must only be played by men. It is said that the arena is more unhealthy and dangerous to women since they are apparently weaker than men physiologically. Martha Josey though is one of the few women who took the courage to try this kind of sport despite its high level of physical risks. Martha Josey is a world champion barrel racer and thus an inspiration to everyone in the sport of rodeo. She is now considered a â€Å"Cowgirl Hall of Famer after qualifying for the National Finals Rodeo on eight different horses in four consecutive decades from 1968 to 1998† (Hubbard 1999). Horses played a great contribution on Josey’s success. Some of her most famous horses that brought her to national finals and championship are â€Å"Cebe Reed, Sonny Bit O’Both and Orange Smash† (Diccus 2006). The horse â€Å"Cebe qualified Martha for her first National Finals Rodeo (NFR) in 1968 and 1969† (Diccus 2006). In later years when Martha teamed up with â€Å"the big bay gelding, Sonny Bit O’ Both, she was again qualified to the NFR four years in a row from 1978 to 1981† (Diccus 2006). Furthermore Sonny set an all time record in 1980 â€Å"as he was the only horse in history to win the AQHA and WPRA World Championship† (Diccus 2006). But due to Sonny’s oldness later on, Martha introduced Orange Smash who gave her â€Å"the NBHA Senior Championship and Reserved Open 1- D Championship in Augusta, Georgia† (Diccus 2006). Moreover, Orange Smash made Josey â€Å"qualified for the NFR in 1998 and received the Gold- Round Winner Buckle† (Diccus 2006). Due to the consistent win of Martha Josey, Orange Smash received the â€Å"1999 AQHA Best of America’s Horse Award†. What is unique about Martha Josey is her calmness in arena every time. Her exterior disguises with â€Å"her impeccable manicure, makeup and outfit†, Martha looks to be attending a simple luncheon instead of a dusty and dangerous arena (Hubbard 1999). Her external manifestations, her better looking horses and her calmness made her stood out in crowd for past decades. Her reputation as a horse racer is radiating every time she wins. Meanwhile, throughout her career, Martha Josey also helped others to build their careers who are interested in barrel racing. Josey also â€Å"has helped build barrel racing’s recognition as a professional rodeo event, and in part through her efforts, barrel racing is held in the same arena and with the same respect and spectator interest as any of the other rodeo events† (Broyles 2006, p. 13). At this point of time, Martha Josey continues to compete for World Championship and is often featured in â€Å"Equine magazine† (Broyles 2006, p. 12). In addition, she manage to produce educational videos and documentaries about rodeo, markets her own line of equine products, establishes various clinics throughout America and helps promote Purina products. Right now, â€Å"she and her husband also train and market the very best in barrel horses at their home ranch in Marshall, Texas. The ranch is also home to world-class competitions† (Broyles 2006, p. 12). Martha Josey is one of the successful women in history who prove that women can be equal than men in whatever areas. The criticisms she received just because she is a woman did not affected her at all. In fact, she approach those criticisms constructively. Moreover, she emphasizes the fact that in sport in order to be successful, one should undergo a lot of training and one should intelligently approach every challenges. She is now currently living in Texas constantly fulfilling her passion in rodeo sport through helping others to be a winner too just like her. Reference: Broyles, J. (2006). â€Å"Barrel Racing†. New York USA. The Rosen Publishing Group. Diccus, T. (2006). â€Å"Martha Josey- The Legend by Ron Atwood†. Tamara Hillman on line. Retrieved on June 4, 2009 from http://www. rodeocountry. org/tamarahillmanbuckinbroncos. htm Hubbard, C. (1999). â€Å"Smash Success Martha Josey eyes her fifth decade at the National Finals†. Active Interest Media, Inc. from the book of American Cowboy.

IT Definitions Case Essay

HARDWARE * RAM : Random Access Memory. It is the area where all software and programmes run. * ROM: Read Only Memory: This is the memory that is stored in ROM device and it cannot be modified (at least not very quickly or easily), it is mainly used to distribute programmes and firmware (software that is linked to a specific hardware). * IDE: Integrated Drive Electronics, this connects the hard drives and ROM Drives to the motherboard using the IDE cables. PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect. Specifies a computer bus for attaching peripheral devices to a computer motherboard. These include network cards, modems, sound cards, etc. * AGP: Accelerated Graphics Port: It is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a graphics card to a computer’s motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. * Motherboard: It is a board on which various computer components are plugged in through different slots and ports. * Processor: It is the main heat of the computer which controls all instructions to and from the input and output devices. * Display Card: It is a card through which the video signals reach the monitor or other similar output device attached to this card. It is identified as a female slot having 3 rows for 15-pin connector. * Network Card: It is a card through which data transfer is carried out between two different computers. It is identified by the RJ-45 type connector slot. * BIOS: It stands for Basic Input and Output System. This identifies all the input and output devices including memory attached onto the motherboard. This information is stored and kept in a memory bank known as CMOS. * CMOS: This stands for Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor. It is a memory chip that stores the BIOS settings of the PC and it is kept upto date by a small battery located next to the BIOS chip. * Power Supply: Most motherboards use a voltage of +/- 5V to operate. The power supply unit on a PC ensures that each device attached to the motherboard including the motherboard itself receives the exact voltage and current in order for it to function properly. A slight change in volts etc. may render the device to burn up. * Heat sink: Since the data travels as electrons in the PC circuit this generates a lot of heat. The processing unit which is having to control all the functions on the motherboard or the device itself heats up. This can be controlled by using specific components called heat sink. These are made of metal that conduct heat rapidly thus absorbing heat from the hot surface and the fan on it cools it thus allowing it to keep absorbing more heat. SOFTWARE * Operating System: It is also known as the platform or the environment in which different programmes or applications will run. All applications and programmes are developed for different platforms depending upon what the user is most likely to use. The most common operating systems are: o WINDOWS: This is developed by Microsoft. It controls most of the PC market in the world. o UNIX / LINUX: UNIX has mostly been used as client-server operating system meaning it is used for networking. Another system developed recently called Linux has mainly been used as a server operating system. Linux is commonly used as an operating system for supercomputers. As of June 2007, out of the top 500 systems, 389 (77.8%) run Linux. * Utilities: These are programmes that we use in order to either diagnose or identify and fix problems in the computer. The problems could be a result of either file corruption or it being located at an address field in the memory that has become faulty. The utilities can move the data to a new location and mark the faulty address location as a bad sector thus avoiding any future writing of data at that sector. * Virus: A virus is a programme that is designed to act maliciously and make the computer programme to work differently from what it is supposed to do. * Anti-Virus: An anti-virus is a programme that scans the hard-drive and memory area for virus programmes that should not be residing at locations that are crucial and from where they can launch themselves and cause problem. The anti-virus either removes the virus programme but in cases where it cannot remove it without damaging the main programme, then it puts it in quarantine thus making it harmless and containing it in one place. * Multimedia: These are programmes that are associated with audio and video files and as different companies have their own formats, we need different types to run each one separately. Some are able to play a larger variety than others depending upon the codec (the format used in coding the file) database that programme has and can use. * Spreadsheet/Accounts: These are programmes that help us in calculations and create formulas that enable us to calculate the spreadsheet. * Database: A database is a collection of data that has been created for a specific purpose. IT can be accessed by using various search criteria. * Wordprocessing: This is used for all types of correspondence and creating reports, making brochures, etc.

Communication, Writing and Professional Practice Essay - 1

Communication, Writing and Professional Practice - Essay Example Most employees are students or other less skilled workers. These workers come from a diverse background, and mostly belong to different age groups, gender and races. The jobs that the employees of a supermarket generally perform, ranges from manual work, such as stocking shelves to management duties. A part of the on-floor employees work description is that they have to help the customer locate what they desire and provide them product information if required. Another form of on-floor activity is performed by the cashiers who man the POS. Apart from the shop floor, most supermarkets have at least one manager present at the store at all times. These are usually college graduates with experience and their job description involves keeping inventory controls to other management related issues. Rest of the work team at a supermarket consist of the office workers, the clerks, secretaries and the accountants. From the order filler to the stocker to the on-floor supervisor, how does the communication occur? And what are the rules and norm patterning that communication? As in all other organizations and businesses, effective workplace communication is among the most important factors that determine the success of a supermarket. Deal and Kennedy (1982, Cited in Gilsdorf, 1998) talk in their book about how a strong corporate culture, effective communication and cost saving are linked together. They say that by knowing exactly what their organization expects of them, employees will waste very little time trying to decide how to act in a particular situation. We can conclude from the above statement that people who know the ropes of their organization; those who know the rules are generally more effective in the work that they perform. The term rule here is used to denote the assumptions organizational members make about the right way to communicate in given situations in their particular organization (Gilsdorf, 1998). In her paper,

Outsourcing Information Technology Department Essay - 2

Outsourcing Information Technology Department - Essay Example of associations suppose that IT outsourcing can offer major cost savings.   In addition, the study discovered numerous fundamental concerns in the minds of possible outsourcers.   Over half of respondents pointed out that a defeat of internal knowledge was a major drawback of outsourcing, while another forty-one percent designated that lower service quality was a main concern.   Potentially the most worrying statistic for outsourcing companies is the fact that such concerns were considerably lower merely two years ago when only twenty-three percent pointed out service quality as a major drawback.   While this survey appears to some extent of an outlier statistically, it does agree with the recent inclination seen in many large companies who are getting IT work back in-house.   Such news elevates more questions concerning the sustainability of outsourcing and its long-standing effects on business. The resource essential to hold up the extensive research activities can be described using numerous simple decisive factors. On the other hand, the resource necessitate for the drug product expansion activities is less expected and less able to be planned with accuracy. New compounds can fall short in both early as well as late stage expansion, irrespective of the superiority of the decision-making processes, and as a result there can be important peaks and troughs in the level of resource required over the longer term. The pharmaceutical industry has conventionally favored to uphold a large part of its R&D activities in-house but is now more and more looking to outsourcing as a way of better balancing its internal core groups in addition to providing for better organization of the peak demands for resource. An additional driver for outsourcing is the augmented focus on core competencies do what the business is good at and get others to do what they are good at (Angell, 2004). The obvious barriers to outsourcing drug delivery device development explained earlier can be

Law of Defamation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law of Defamation - Essay Example The reporter told the court that he had not kept the notes. However, since action for defamation has to be initiated within one year of publication of the report, it may not be impossible to keep notes. But it has practical difficulties. The Act does not go in big way in the preservation of the freedom of the speech and press when it comes to the cases dealing with public figures. In fact it is the public servants that should be vigorously chased and made accountable to their deeds. Media, as it exists, is a spontaneous activity. Every word that the media reports cannot be authenticated with supporting documents. Media often relies on hearsay information. This information may be reliable. But reliability in certain cases may not possible to prove. Now, what is said in the media impromptu may not be available in the court for the purpose of evidence. This would make the press and broadcast media excessively cautious which will take away the vigor of news reporting in Britain, while el sewhere the news reporting can go on freely without fearing the legal cudgel. It is unfortunate that the British Parliament has doggedly resisted plans to shift the burden of proof on the issue of truth in the defamation cases. However this did not get much support. The guarded response of the Members of the Parliament to changes in law might have sprung from the fears they have of the British Press running riot like the American journalists.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The peripheral changes that the Defamation act underwent is also due to the economic conditions.... The rapid progress in technology increased the possibility of sending news and view across the globe. The British broadcasting industry is a predominantly a state affair in spite of the much trumpeted independence and autonomy. The defamatory Act if pursued vigorously might ultimately affect even the functioning of BBC. Elsewhere in the world the media can go to big extent in grilling the public servants, celebrities and captains of industry. But in Britain Defamation act is the shield to protect them. But in the globalized scenario if the BBC is going to function as a guarded organization it is going to lose its competitive advantage in the globalized world. So the modification of the defamation act is also a must for the survival of the British Media. So in the print and broadcast media changes were imperative to survive in the globalized world. The Defamation Act of 1996 came out, after much fan fare about the drastic changes that it would bring about in the legal system, the changes were merely peripheral and disappointed those who expected an overhauling of the Act. The marginal provisions in the defamatory act have made many disappointed and consider the reform-exercise as a lost opportunity. There are defenses that address the problems created by the new technologies and fast growing scope of news reporting as an international matter. The other types of provisions are meant to reduce the expenditure in fighting less serious cases of libel and to reduce the immunity enjoyed by the people in power. The Defamation Act of 1996 falls short in addressing the problems created by the globalized context. Especially the provision called "Justification" puts the entire burden of proof on the defendant. In fact, as

Narcotics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Narcotics - Research Paper Example A five year ban was imposed on people found with five grams of crack whereas a similar mandatory ban was imposed on people who possessed 500 grams of powder cocaine. It was because of this disparity that another act was implemented in year of 2010 known as The Fair Sentencing Act of 2010. This act lowered the ratio of possession of crack cocaine to powder cocaine in relevant terms of 100:1 into 18:1. The act has been praised by many authorities as it tends to lower down the disparity between the people who used to commit these crimes and also save millions of dollars for the government (FAMM 2011; Stewart 2010). The Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 was signed by President Obama to lower the disparity between the crimes which involved powder cocaine or crack. The Act is not only being implemented for the people who will commit the crime but it is also being made retroactive so that people who are sentenced for the act are allowed some concession too. The Act was introduced after years of reports and research which proved that powder and crack were almost the same drugs with the same lethality. In 1995 the USSC issued a report to the Congress about the Anti Drug Abuse Act of 1986. It put forward that 80% of the crack offenders were black and this was causing serious racial disparities between the races as these blacks were considering the Act to be biased. It was in 1995 that an act was being sought by the USSC regarding the disparity but such an attempt was rejected by the Congress then. In 2002 another report was filed by the USSC which put forward that pharmacologically the harmful effects of c rack were similar to that of powder cocaine. It also put forward that the amount of violence in the crimes involving crime were being exaggerated by the reports and was rather creating a disparity of races. In 2007 the USSC filed another report to the Congress which appealed

Admission essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Admission - Essay Example ge of health information technology (HIT) employees is evident in the health centres and facilities since the industry started the implementation of electronic records. The 2008 bureau of labour pointed out that the by 2018, health facilities will require an addition of 35,000 workers. In America, there is a shortage of 50,000 HIT workers requires in the next five years according to the American Medical Informatics Association (Health Informatics and Health Information Management, 2014). There is the need to train HIT workers to deal with the data entry standards and the new coding methods in addition to the online insurance requirements. In the rural areas, the case is worse as the adoption of the health information technology and staff training due to the high costs of implementation. A number of the medical staff lacks experiences in the project management skills and the health care processes. The frequent training changes since technology changes rapidly and also due to inadequat e sustainability plans. The cost of hiring IT workers is expensive making it challenging for all the health facilities to employ new staff especially replacement due to attrition. The other issue experienced by the Health Management System is competition for IT workers in the other industries. All sectors of the economy are recruiting Information Technologists as they try to digitalize their industries (Health Informatics and Health Information Management, 2014). The candidates graduating from colleges and technical institutions offering IT training are not enough for the entire market. As a result, some of the industries such as health are understaffed. Some government and public hospitals do not pay well as compared to the private sector, which makes most of the IT specialists prefer working in the private industry as opposed to the public health facilities. The terms and conditions of employment are also good in the private sector leading to the exodus of IT staff from the health

GEOINT and Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GEOINT and Europe - Essay Example However they were less helpful in the both world wars were easily grounded and conquered, there were several reasons to it, They were shaped in different forms ranging from polygonal to ring shape fortress however never survived and were not able to fulfill the purpose of its existence. One of reasons was its stagnant and motionless own existence as a giant body in itself. Despite its high walls and masonry. Walls were directly exposed to cannon fires, Explosive shells and artillery fires. Although advancements were made and in order to to kill the effect of cannon fires, Steel and concrete forts were introduced, and bunker concept was introduced to avoid the assault by enemies.. however despite all this and thick shielding there were couple of reasons that resulted in the whole scheme being a failure , the advancements in the machinery, the weapons, and later in world war two the use of Tanks meant any target in sight was vulnerable ,and in a way it was exposing yourself directly to the enemy. With fighter plans available, the forts presented a case of sitting duck that was waiting to be shot from above. By 2nd world war nuclear capabilities were achieved that would eliminate and erase whole of city, a fort being a small area. Any fort that had bunkers in it, a counter was created for it.and bunker busters were introduced and implemented on the forts strategy. Bunker busters are especially designed for such materials that are hard in nature .they were highly penetrative. The permanent existence of fort at one point, being a static entity, allowed the enemy to prepare itself and collect and gather all the information that was necessary to attack and launch an assault, therefore forts stood no ground of preventing and standing the enemy’s attack. By 2nd world war, the battles were fought on mobile basis. Any fixed position

Teaching-learning critical incident checklist Essay

Teaching-learning critical incident checklist - Essay Example The learners should be able to learn various theories about certain concepts via observation. This is because observation enables a student to think critically about difficult concept manifested in form of a diagram or image Evaluation and analysis requires own intellectual exploration, which explains to readers what they may not see in a subject at first or second glance. A working thesis on the analysis is very imperative. The thesis will help in choosing at least three supporting points aiding the audience in understanding the text. I understand that there are different kinds of analyses that can be made on a document or text (Loui, 2005) Frequent reading can help one understand instructors in their professional teaching and assessments. Knowing how to summarize and analyze text is a good beginning to academic reading. The student aims at knowledge acquisition, comprehension, new vocabulary acquisition, argument development, information evaluation, and synthesis (DiRanna, 2008). The teacher should perform both formative and summative assessment of learners to gauge their level of understanding. Formative assessment occurs throughout the process of learning. It ensures that problems experienced by students are not piled up until the end of the learning period but are solved throughout the lessons. Summative assessment summarizes the progress and development of students over a particular period (Brookhart & Nikto, 2008). Through constant evaluation, students are able to be encouraged to perform better in future tests, despite poor current performance. However, not all will be motivated, most of them will be driven by the fact that they learn new things in the tests, and are challenged to remember the things taught previously by their teachers. Most of the students will also take summative assessments as a goal towards which they work to achieve (Pearson, 2002) The teacher needs to supervise learners so that they conform to the

The Menace of Students in Covenant University Essay Example for Free

The Menace of Students in Covenant University Essay The menace of indecent behavior among students of Covenant University. The Holy book says â€Å"it is the little, little foxes that spoil the vine†. The little foxes of indecent behavior are gradually eaten deep into the vine of Covenant University and spoiling her vine which is the students. To examine this topic a clear understanding of what indecent behavior is vital. Indecent behavior is a state of continuously going against moral standards that exist in the human societal setting. Moral standards only exist where humans live as animals are not obligated to moral standards. The menace of indecent behavior is eating deep into the Student body of Covenant University. This act of nuisance has become rampant among some of the students of the institution. Statistics have shown that 80 percent of expulsion cases Covenant University are linked or connected to immoral behavior. Examples of these behaviors are smoking, drinking, watching of pornographic movies, stealing overt sexual behavior, continuous possession of circular music despite warning, overt sexual behavior, possession of hard drugs etc. The negative effects of these indecent behaviors among the students cannot be over-emphasized. They include poor health conditions, addictions, bad habits etc. there have been various measures taken in the past to curb these acts. The measures include regular checking of hostels by members of staff, running medical test on students etc. but these measure has since declined and these students have returned to their old ways , and discovered new methods of committing their atrocities. However despite all these management body can also double-up measure to counter attack these behaviors. These methods include positioning of secret cameras in various points of the school. These locations include the classrooms, rooms, chapel, lecture theatres, cafeteria etc as these will go a long way in exposing these acts with little efforts, Also medical test on students should be reinforced to test for drugs, regular checking of halls at unexpected periods should be carried out to take the students by surprise. One may want to ask, what the management stand has been on these long standing issues. The management has frowned at these acts, meting out disciplinary actions to students found committing them. However the management body has also had its flaws in this. Most times when students are punished, asked to go on expulsion or suspension, the school grants them prerogative of mercy. They return back to school, committing more acts than they had done earlier before they were administered punishments. However the latest developments have shown that the school management body has â€Å"awakened from her slumber† as recent development has shown that prerogative of mercy shall no longer be granted to any erring student. These statements were gathered in last search of the Dean of students Affairs, Pastor Abiodun Adebiyi, in Lydia halls of resident. During the search a lot of contrabands which included Phones, contraceptives, drugs etc. There the Dean mentioned that all the students who were found with the contrabands will not be spared as punishments will be meted out appropriately and no prerogative would avail for them. Also there also being a constant monitoring of secluded hide-outs in the premises, and security men who aid the students to commit atrocities are monitored closely. However despite these measured taken there is still a high rate of indecency in the student body. This is on the increase on a daily basis. The after math of this is the fact that good and timid ones end of being influenced by the bad ones, for the fear of inferiority complex and the â€Å"wanna be syndrome†. This is unhealthy for the growth of the school as the aim of establishing the school will be defeated. Because instead of raising worthy leaders, who will transform the world, corrupt leaders who will compound the system will be produced from the system. In addition, it is also important that we understand that the future we seek as a people only lies with our youths. And for that to be achieved, attention must be directed towards the students, encouraging them to stop indecency whether visible or disguised. Having looked at indecent behavior, let us examine what the general effects of indecency can result in to. Basically these can be seen from 3 perspectives. The family, this is the smallest unit, though with the largest effect. Most times when this has eaten deep into the students, they go home and manifest them in their families, influencing their younger ones, in addition to that when they themselves become parents , they are unable to caution their children on their indecent behaviors , and advice them to behave properly. Another aspect is the school. On the side of the institution there will be misplaced priorities, as the vision of the school of standing out as a Mission University will become a mare dream, with morals becoming misplaced. Academics will be handled nonchalantly, the drive for success will reduced, as the student will give more time to gratifying their habits and indecent desires than craving for success. The last view point is the health perspective. As a result of consumption of all these hard drugs, e. g. cigarettes, and alcohols, there will be a high rate of liver problems, breathing problems which will not enable them perform maximally. Having looked at the definition of indecent behavior, few examples, where it is practiced, measures that have been taken about it in the past, how it can be reduced, and the effects. It is clear that it is a delicate area of the institution where the management has to look into and make necessary corrections, as this will boost maximum productivity amongst its students. In conclusion more drastic steps should be employed to ensure that the canker of indecency does not eat deep and destroy the existing structure therefore â€Å" all hands must be on deck† to correct this while we still have a chance. After this is done, a change is occur undeniable proofs to show for it. â€Å"As they say a stitch in time saves nine†.