Animal Rights Protests Essay example - 2061 Words

Over the past fifteen years a powerfully charged drama has unfolded in New Yorks Broadway venues and spread to the opera houses and ballet productions of major cities across the country. Its characters include angry college students, aging rock stars, flamboyant B-movie queens, society matrons, and sophisticated fashion designers. You cant buy tickets for this production, but you might catch a glimpse of it while driving in Bethesda on particular Saturday afternoons. If youre lucky, Compassion Over Killing (COK), an animal rights civil disobedience group, will be picketing Millers Furs, their enemy in the fight against fur. These impassioned activists see the fur trade as nothing less than wholesale, commercialized†¦show more content†¦People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has persuaded several fashion designers including Calvin Klein and Donna Karan to stop using fur in their clothing lines. In addition, anti-fur concerts, videos, compact discs, t-shirts, drag revues and award ceremonies have been used by animal rights groups to advance their cause. Each side of the conflict over fur coats has an entirely different way of conceptualizing and talking about the issue. Animal rights groups bluntly describe fur as quot;dead...animal partsquot; and emphasize that animals are killed to produce a fur garment. Those involved in the fur industry consistently use agricultural metaphors and talk of a yearly quot;crop of furquot; that must be quot;harvested.quot; Manny Miller, the owner of Millers Furs, refused to describe his business in terms of the individual animals; quot;I dont sell animals. I sell finished products. I sell fur coats.quot; These linguistic differences extend to the manner in which both sides frame the debate over fur. COK refers to the industry in criminal terms; fur is directly equated with murder and those involved in the industry are labeled killers. Industry groups like the Fur Information Council of America (FICA) always describes fur garments as objects and clothing; it is quot;the ultimate cold weather fabricquot;Show MoreRelatedPeople For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals ( Peta ) Is A Non Profit Animal Activist Group1579 Words   |  7 PagesPeople For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals (PETA) is a non-profit animal activist group that focuses explicitly on exposing animal brutality and ensuring the safety of all animals. PETA promises to protect animals from misconduct, abuse, brutality, and inhumane slaughtering. The activist group’s official motto is, ‘’ Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way’’(PETA). This motto officially means that animals are not ours to use or cause essentialRead MoreThe Fight For Animal Rights1660 Words   |  7 Pagesfight for animal rights is one that has been going on for centuries. â€Å"The new emphasis upon animals feelings of sensation in the eighteenth century brought growing criticism of some forms of cruelty. Doubts about the ethics of castrating domestic animals were raised as early as 1714. (Guither, 1998, p.1) According to Guither (1998), London was the first to encourage the prevention of animal cruelty in 1824 where it eventually became the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. TheyRead MoreEco Terrorism and Violence in The United States1656 Words   |  7 Pagesto be the most significant domestic terror threat facing the United States today (Environmental). This assumption could not be any more true. Everyday, the lives of many innocent citizens and animals are put in danger just for a group of people to try to make a statement about what they believe is right, and what they believe is wrong. These actions are usually committed by individuals who believe that the exploitation of natural resources and despoliation of the environment are becom ing so severeRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned926 Words   |  4 Pages Chimpanzees â€Å"used in animal tests can exhibit symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, a condition more commonly associated with soldiers who have experienced deadly combat† (â€Å"Animal Rights†). PTSD is a serious anxiety disorder that may or may not be treated with several therapy sessions. â€Å"More than 100 million animals every year suffer and die in cruel chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics tests as well as in biology lessons, medical training exercises, and curiosity-driven medical experimentsRead MoreEssay on Animal Rights1331 Words   |  6 Pages Animal Rights nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ever since The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in England in 1824 was formed there has been long running debates on the topic of animal rights. The first societies were formed to protect and maintain human treatment of work animals, such as cattle, horses and house hold pets. Towards the end of the 19th century more organizations were formed, this time to protest the use of animals in scientific experimentation. In today’s society groupsRead MoreAnimal Rights Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal rights - moral or legal entitlements attributed to nonhuman animals, usually because of the complexity of their cognitive, emotional, and social lives or their capacity to experience physical or emotional pain or pleasure. (Britannia encyclopedia online, n.d.). The definition of animal rights is so clear to us. Human rights need to be protected, so do animal rights. In 1976, in New York City, thousands of cat lovers were beaten when they heard a painful test to be taken for pets’ sexualRead MoreA Research Study On Animal Research961 Words   |  4 Pagesor not it would work? Or knowing that the cure may have come from unwilling test animals? Or would you ultimately let nature run its course and let your spouse die? Over the years, animal research has led to the development of numerous vaccines and cures that are now used to save lives in several countries across the globe. Scientists and doctors alike acknowledge this and recognize how essential and beneficial animals are in biomedical research. However, before discussing the different views thatRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Is Cruel And Needs1100 Words   |  5 PagesFreshman Seminar, Per. 1 4 May 2015 Animal Experimentation Animal experimentation is cruel and needs to be banned. It is another form of animal abuse. The animals are locked in cold, tiny cages in laboratories waiting in fear of what might happen next. The animals are being treated cruelly and being injected with substances that the scientists do not know if it will harm the animals. â€Å"Right now, millions of mice, rats, rabbits, primates, cats, dogs and other animals are locked inside cold barren cagesRead MoreA Campaign Against Kfc961 Words   |  4 PagesTreatment of Animals in this controversy. This is because I myself am not a fan of meat and do not like the taste personally, but I also do not think it is all right by any means with what they do to the animals. I believe that they are completely abusing these animals so carelessly and it is extreme animal cruelty. I feel like a majority of other people would say it is perfectly fine though. This is because many people do like meat and businesses are going to continue on harming th e animals and receivingRead MoreAnimal Rights Is Not Just A Philosophy Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal rights is the idea that all animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives. It’s important to have animal rights because it prevents animals from living horrible, tortured lives for human benefit and entertainment. They have feelings and emotions too, they should be treated as humanely as possible at all times, they are not on this earth for human benefit and usage. What Are Animal Rights? Animal rights is not just a philosophy, but a kind of social movement

National Identity Cards and Citizens Right to Privacy

The article, â€Å"National Identity Cards Strange Liberty, Banish Privacy† by Charles Levendosky, implies that Identity Cards give us a false sense of security. The system would not prevent terrorists from using fake documents to get a national identity card and all citizens’ private information would be shared with government agencies and commercial organizations, therefore all personal information can be easily accessed through a computer system. This would result in a surveillance society with many obstacles due to human errors and leaving citizens with no privacy and freedom to be themselves. I agree with the author and I am against national ID cards primarily because they would violate citizens right to privacy. It is acceptable†¦show more content†¦These documents are easily forged.† There also needs to be a security system if the card gets lost. Human errors and sloppy ID checks at airports and government buildings are guaranteed to have fail ures. Then there are the interruptions and delays caused by identity checks creating traffic jam in office lobbies, airports, hospital waiting rooms and shopping malls. It is unreasonable to expect people to carry the identity card at all times, for example, at the beach, while dancing at a club, while exercising, etc. Innocent people would end up in trouble with the authorities if they do not show their card. Another concern is the age the cards are issued. Are five year-old children required to carry them and keep them safe at school and in the playground? A national ID system requires an immense database of private and sensitive information on every person that can be instantaneously accessible from airline check-in, police cars, schools, etc. As stated in the article by Charles Levendosky, â€Å"The information the AAMVA would like to have on these identity cards goes far beyond name, address, Social Security number, birth date, weight, height, hair and eye color. The proposal would include medical and disability information as well as encoded biometric identifiers like retinal scans and fingerprints.† The security risks are enormous. How do we keep a database of this size secure,Show MoreRelated National ID, a bad idea†¦. Essay1750 Words   |  7 PagesNational ID, a bad idea†¦. In today’s world, we can say that the main danger to privacy, security for people who lives in free democratic societies can come from the system that will create and apply supposedly very high tech national ID card. The main purpose of National ID card system in a country is to develop nationwide security, decrease crime rate, reveal the terrorists, and guard against illegal immigrants. NID system has been used conducting regular official transactions between governmentRead MoreEssay National ID Card1533 Words   |  7 PagesNational ID Card There has been much discussion over the issue of a national ID card. Can it guarantee national security? Can it even improve the current state of security in the US? Is implementation feasible? Is it an invasion of privacy? These are just a few of the questions that surround the issue of a national ID. The scene that the NID evokes in me is from the movies of the forties and fifties. The security officials from some eastern European country move from passengerRead MoreThe Right to Privacy Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesPrivacy Laws - For Privacy laws are established because people have a right to privacy, to an extent. For many years people have argued over their privacy rights, from online videos, to people spying on them, even people stealing internet. People think that they should be completely secluded from others seeing what they’re doing, but in all reality, there’s no stopping people from seeing what you are doing. With more people using the flaws within our media and lives, we as a society must come toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Enemy Of The State 1329 Words   |  6 PagesWill Smith) is a lawyer who had a chance run-in at a lingerie store with a former college colleague named Jason. Jason is in the midst of attempting to escape from some National Security Agency (NSA) agents. His home was raided shortly before this encounter, because Jason was in possession of a video recording that showed the identity of a congressman’s assassin, and the killer also happened to be a high ranking fe deral agent named Reynolds. Unbeknownst to Robert, Jason slips this tape into a bag thatRead MoreBiometric Data And Crucial Insensitive Data1134 Words   |  5 Pagesdecentralized under one organization i.e. UIDAI and KYC (Know your Customer) norms of UIDAI should be replaced by Tokens. Whether linkage of Adhaar to PAN Cards Justified Recently the finance minister Mr. Arun Jaitley argued in parliament about the instances of same person using multiple PAN cards for filing Income Tax-Returns. The linkage of Adhaar to PAN card is still a proposal yet Government has traced the defect regarding multiple usages, this is the clear indication to fact that there exist multipleRead MoreThe Governments Fight Against Crime Essay1052 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The planned introduction of identity cards proves, if further proof be needed, that this government is committed to the crime control model of criminal justice† In every nation the authority and dedication of the government towards doing its work is challenged again andRead MoreHow Computers Affected The Privacy Of Citizens1655 Words   |  7 PagesHow have computers affected the privacy of citizens in the U.S - Collection of data by the government from from websites and ISP s. Legal terms-of-use agreements (Kevin Santos) A) Governmental legislations (The Patriot Act of 2001): There have been concerns about privacy of American citizens for many years but, ever since telecommunications advances mainly through computers, there has been a major concern in society. One contributing factor that affects privacy is the governmental legislationsRead MoreEssay about NATIONAL ID CARD2213 Words   |  9 PagesNATIONAL ID CARD The public debate about National Identification (ID) in the United States, Canada and other countries have been restarted after the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001 on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. National ID card is one of the most important issues that had been discussed in Congress and also in the little discussion group in the CSC 4735 – Computer Society and Ethics teach by instructor John Clark at the University of Colorado – Denver lately. I can seeRead More The main paper1847 Words   |  8 Pageshas been renewed interest in the creation of a national identification system, typically embodied in a smart ID card, as a component of a national counter-terrorism strategy. National ID cards have been advocated as a means to enhance national security, unmask potential terrorists, and guard against illegal immigrants. The core issue can be expressed as a question: What actions should the federal government take to certify the identity of its cit izens and other persons in its jurisdiction, and whatRead MoreThe Information Age Has Dawned Upon Us898 Words   |  4 Pagescloud-based services. However, many consumers, although concerned about privacy invasions, simply accept the loss of their privacy as a consequence of the Information Age and are not willing to give up the benefits and conveniences in which information technology has provided them. Recently, with the government intervening through proposed laws such as CISPA and Americans becoming more cautious, the issue of compromised data and digital privacy is rapidly coming to the fore. â€Å"What is the big problem with

Ethical Leadership and Corporate Government

Question: Discuss the importance of ethical leadership and corporate government,what impact do they have on ensuing ethical conduct within organisation. Answer: Introduction: According to Shapiro and Stefkovich (2016), the importance of ethical leadership and practice in business is gaining itself a common platform to compete well in the market, provide better customer service and addressing to the various problems concerning the society. The report aims to show the conceptualization and importance of ethical practice and corporate governance through a case study based on Best Buy. The study shows how a company like Best Buy dealing in electronics has been able to establish itself as a strong market contender by taking several initiatives which are aimed for the welfare of employees, customer, vendors, stakeholders and society at large. The company, founded by Richard Schulze entered into partnerships and acquisition programs to work upon new business ideas which gave the edge to improve its falling share prices and remain in the competition. The vision of the company is itself based on people first and then technology, it also believes jolly employees tr anslate into happy customers. The following study shows the various CSR activities, energy-efficient solutions and ethical corporate governance based on the case study of the organization. (Chun et al. 2013). General discussion The corporate vision of Best Buy gives an augmented effort to its employees as well as customers. The company is devoted to provide a wide variety of training services which can enhance their The Companys chief ethics officer Kathleen Edmond showed how the company can build better employee confidence by listening to their queries on various kinds of electronic items posted in the online forums. The CEO also used cases of unethical practices show that ethical conduct which should be adhered within a company. The company also focused on various programs for the employees who gives service more than 32 hours shall be entitled to receive family health insurance, tuition facility and enhanced adoption assistance. This initiative will enabled the employees to work more efficiently as they were provided with greater flexibility and benefits for putting extra effort during working hours. Best Buy has taken several proposals for the teens by giving them access to explore new technology, devel oping online tutorial classes in the workshops of the company. This step ensured that society is able to reduce the barrier associated with economical and social aspects which prevent many from getting access to newer technology. This program was developed by the acquired partner named geek squad. (Kiddee et al. 2013). The company also took several initiatives for disaster relief operations in the affected areas of the world such as Haiti. In the year 2012, Best Buy donated more than 1000 disaster kits in the distressed areas through its partners. Several energy efficient operations of the company include its partnership with Energy Star. This ensured the customers use only energy efficient products and meet the guidelines by environmental protection agency. The no idling policy ensured that its vehicles were prohibited from keeping their engines on outside the premises of Best Buy. The company also ensured reduction of e-waste by providing the facility of customers recycle the electronic items by providing it drop facility free of charge (Hoffman et al. 2014). Conclusion The report states the several ethical steps taken by the top management of Best Buy in order to gain a competitive advantage. In order to understand the importance of corporate governance we can see how the different hierarchies of people are treated in the same way as they need to show appropriate corporate conduct within the organization. The CEO of the company Richard Schulze has rightfully demonstrated that engaging interpersonal relationships within an organization contributes to a negative working environment. He also shows how inappropriate behavior within an organization can set a wrong example for others (Harford and Maxwell 2012). Reference List Chun, J.S., Shin, Y., Choi, J.N. and Kim, M.S., 2013. How does corporate ethics contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management, 39(4), pp.853-877. Harford, J., Mansi, S.A. and Maxwell, W.F., 2012. Corporate governance and firm cash holdings in the US. In Corporate Governance (pp. 107-138). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hoffman, W.M., Frederick, R.E. and Schwartz, M.S. eds., 2014. Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Kiddee, P., Naidu, R. and Wong, M.H., 2013. Electronic waste management approaches: An overview. Waste Management, 33(5), pp.1237-1250. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016. Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge.

The Social Downfall of Salinas Gangs

Table of Contents Introduction Use of violence Gangs against each other Negative impacts of gangs Why youths join gangs Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Salinas is the largest municipality in the Monterey County in California. It has several local gangs such as Surreno and Norteno that commit various crimes. The crimes the gangs commit include robbery, homicide and felony assault among others. It is estimated that they are over sixty active gangs in the Monterey County.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Social Downfall of Salinas Gangs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The gangs comprise about 5000 members who involve in different levels of crime. Sixteen of the gangs are found in Salinas with about 3000 members. The gangs unleash violence on the people in Salinas including children regardless of their age. The gangs in Salinas utilized crude weapons such as knives, chains and homemade guns to attack the residents of Salinas in the earlier years but currently they use handguns, shotguns, explosives, automatic rifles and Molotov rifles. Some of the areas in Salinas where the gangs operate are so violent, they resemble war zones, and many people are forced to lie down on floors to avoid being shot (Gangs 1). Gang violence in Salinas is high and the society has been affected negatively. Use of violence The gangs in Salinas use violence to instill fear in the community hence gain power over the people as they cow under fear and threat. The gangs kill people as they collect revenue from gang activities as Salinas serves as a gateway for trafficking of drugs such as cocaine and heroin among others (Lee 1). The gangs’ activity has been on the rise and the scale of violence witnessed in Salinas is very high considering that Salinas has a population of below 250, 000 people. The homicide incidents related to gangs are on the increase and in 2009, the number of homicide victims stood a t 26 (Parsons 1). Gangs against each other Gangs in Salinas often fight against each other and as the gangs engage in shootouts stray bullets injure innocent people such as the 6-year-old boy who was killed by a stray bullet as he played inside his home. Moreover, a stray bullet struck a 10-year-old girl as she walked home during a gang drive by shootout (Lee 1). The gangs also engage in retaliatory shootouts and innocent people are caught in the line of fire losing their lives. Negative impacts of gangs Gang activities in Salinas destroy the society socially and economically as people are forced to close their businesses in gang areas due to bad perception, which also discourages investors. The closure of businesses increases unemployment levels and more youths get into gangs to make money. In addition, gangs rape women and children making the society very unsafe. In other words, the gangs affect Salinas’ whole population.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's s ee if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gang violence leads to deterioration of families as they try to cope with the losses of their dear one or high medical bills for those injured by the gangs and increases the medical costs. Moreover, the education of the youths who join the gangs is affected as most drop out of school. After dropping out of school, one cannot get gainful employment due to academic underachievement thus individuals as well as the society faces economic underdevelopment (Mendoza 5). Why youths join gangs Many young people join the Salina gangs while still in school, as schools are good grounds for recruitment. For instance, Alisal High School had the problem of gang violence, high dropout rate and poor academic performance (Goodfellow 51). Students are lured into the gangs due to factors such as peer pressure, excitement, poverty, protection and the popular culture that embraces violence as seen in songs and movies. Students w ho lack parental guidance and protection seek it in the gangs where they feel a sense of belonging hence protection. Those who come from poor backgrounds join the gangs to make money while others just join the gangs out of curiosity and excitement of brandishing guns like the their heroes in movies do. The young school going children are vulnerable to joining gangs and concerted efforts from both the government and parents is required to ensure that the children do not become members of gangs by giving them proper guidance and educating them on the dangers of joining gangs as they could also end up becoming victims of their rival gangs. Conversely, the increase of gang members can be blamed on parents who have neglected their children in place of their careers. The parents leave their children unattended for long periods and the unsupervised environment makes children vulnerable to gangs. Some parents are not involved in their children’s live and fail to notice that their chi ldren have become members of gangs as some parents assume that their children cannot be members of gangs only other children can be members (History of gangs 1). In addition, children are also having kids and ended up joining gangs, as they cannot take of their kids. Others join the gangs due to drug use as the unsupervised environments make children vulnerable to drugs. Furthermore, the government also shares the blame of the increase of gangs in Salina due to the presence of few police officers hence they are unable to tackle the gang issue effectively. Guns are easily available in Salinas hence gangs acquire them easily as they have become technologically advanced and no longer rely on weapons such as knives (Hunter 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Social Downfall of Salinas Gangs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion There is the need to prevent children from joining gangs. The prevention effort s must involve everyone in the society from the government, the police, parents and teachers. Children must be discouraged from using violence on others as it leads to the downfall of the whole society. Parents must find time for their children to offer them guidance and a sense of belonging so that they do not seek it from the gangs. The parents must also work harder to provide for their children so that they do not lack and feel the need to join the gangs. The government must increase the budget in Salinas to employ more police to deal with the increased level of violence and stem out gangs from the society. Teachers have a responsibility of guiding the children to steer of gangs as most are recruited in schools. More importantly, children should be discouraged from practicing what they observe in the popular culture as the culture worships violence, which the children internalize, and practice. Unless violence is curbed from its roots not only is the future of Salinas at risk, bu t also that of the whole country too. Works Cited Gangs. 2011. Web. Goodfellow, Graham. â€Å"These Rotarians.† The Rotarian, 59.3. 1-64. History of gangs. 2011. Web. Hunter, Chris. Confronting Salina’s gangs. 2010. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lee, Vic. Norteno and Surreno gangs raided in Salinas, 2010. Web. Mendoza, Georgina. Salinas comprehensive strategy for community wide violence reduction 2010-2012. 2010. Web. Parsons, Larry. Shooting death marks 26 homicides in Salinas. 2009. Web. This essay on The Social Downfall of Salinas Gangs was written and submitted by user Gideon Cash to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hurrah for the Index Card!

Hurrah for the Index Card! Hurrah for the Index Card! Hurrah for the Index Card! By Maeve Maddox If I were to make a list of the 10 greatest inventions of human history, index cards would be right there along with the alphabet and the stuff you put on the back of your pets neck to kill fleas. I dont know how Id get along with out them. Not counting their other household applications, index cards are the mainstay of my writing projects. Writing about language I keep a stack of index cards by my chair to make notes of language peculiarities I encounter in my reading or TV watching. This is a more useful method of note-taking than my former practice of recording such notes on the backs of envelopes or even in a dedicated notebook. The cards can then be separated into categories such as grammar, vocabulary, and the like. Novel planning I hate to outline, but I have learned that writing a novel requires outliningif not at the beginning, then at some point down the line. Using index cards makes the process more pleasant. Once you have your plot in mind, deal yourself a deck of index cards equal to the number of chapters. Using one card for each chapter, write a one sentence description of what happens in the chapter. As your novel progresses, you will almost certainly want to add or to rearrange chapters. Having your outline on index cards makes rearranging easy. Another set of cards can help you keep the characters and their identifying tags straight. You dont want to give Bruce Bigpecs piercing blue eyes in Chapter One and smouldering black eyes in Chapter Twenty. Record-keeping Something I hate more than outlining is keeping track of important records. I should have known better, but when I began acquiring WordPress accounts and GoDaddy domains, and doing things on line that require usernames and passwords, I wrote the information down in a little notebook next to my computer. Now its a big deal to find a password or an ID. This stuff is going onto index cards. Plenty of computer programs exist for doing the kinds of things Ive described here, but the fact remains that some of us require tactile re-enforcement. Its a psychological delight to be able to hold the stack of chapter cards in your hand and visualize the wonderful novel that is to come of them. And when the computer program crashes or is lost, that box of cards is still going to be there. Low-tech or not, the index card belongs in every writers toolbox. NOTE: We can thank American librarian and efficiency freak Melvil Dewey for the modern cardstock index card. Christened Melville, he dropped the inefficient letters. He experimented with spelling his surname Dui, but apparently that was too exotic to be practical. Heres a writer who shares my addiction to index cards: Lela Davidsons tribute to the index card And heres a brief bio of Melvil Dewey. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past"Replacement for" and "replacement of"1,462 Basic Plot Types

Preparing for the SAT How Many Hours is Enough

Preparing for the SAT How Many Hours is Enough SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Students online considering preparing for the SAT generally all have one big question: how many hours should I study for the SAT? When does prepping for the SAT become a waste of time? The short answer is that every hour helps, and unless you've already studied for 100 hours or more, it's not a waste of time yet. Why do you think that is? Why Students Need to Spend More Time Studying for the SAT The answer from research, from experience, from teachers and college counselers is absolutely clear. It's the natural combination of two factors. The first is that the SAT is so important in your life. A 100 point increase on average doubles your chance of getting into any given college, and raises your lifetime salary by $44,000. For almost all students, the value of increasing your SAT score is immense. The second reason is because the SAT is so studiable. A recent report shows that as few as 10 hours of focused studying can improve your SAT score by dozens of points. Students in any old SAT prep course improve their score by over a hundred points easily. In fact, we ourselves are so confident in your ability to improve (and the quality of our product) that PrepScholar even guarantee 160+ points on our online SAT prep program. You do the math: a better college, and a lifetime salary increase of $44k just for a few dozen hours of studying and spending a few hundred dollars on a good program. It'll be the best investment of time and money you've made in your life! Surely There's a Limit to the Benefits of SAT Study, Though? Yes, there is a limit, but for most people, the limit is their own willpower, motivation, and free time. In another blog post, I give some tips for overcoming these limitations. But suffice it to say, for almost all students, further studying will help. In fact, as a rule of thumb you should not even consider the possibility that you are studying too much unless you've hit the 100 hour mark. Students looking for a low benchmark so they can wing the SAT won't find solace in the facts above, but they are what they are. The SAT is important, and studying at the margin helps, even when you've already studied a lot. How to Tell You've Studied Enough First, if your score is 1520 or above, you've studied enough, even if you don't get perfect. I'll go into it in another blog post, but long story short, the difference between 1520 and 1600 often is just sampling noise. Second, the following only applies if you've studied more than 100 hours. If you have not studied 100 hours, do not pass go, do not collect $200, do not use the reasons below as excuses to stop studying. Likely they don't apply because you haven't even found your best way of preparing for the SAT yet. Third, a sign that you've studied enough is that you score has not improved by more than 40 points in the last forty hours of studying. Fourth, you might have studied enough if you're trying many different ways of studying (improving vocab, doing real practice, taking an online course, etc) and still don't improve. Found this article useful? Get a lot more helpful with our Free SAT Ebook!

University Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

University Personal Statement - Essay Example One of my uncles studied from USA and, according to him, studying in USA was the right choice for me as students get highly professional teachers and scholars who help them excel in their fields. People have always been globe-trotting for good education and the hot education destination is always USA. I also wanted to avail excellent quality of education and training which is recognized worldwide. Also because there are a wide variety of courses offered in USA, I preferred to apply in some university which offered me my desired courses. Why I chose the University of New Haven, Boston Post Road West Haven, is because it offered me the major in fire science which I wanted to avail and start my career in. The university is a private, top-tier institution and offers globally recognized experiential education. It offers highly qualified teachers. It helps the students in various means like in getting a tutor, scholarships, free-ships, stipends, internships, and etcetera. Special training courses are also held which enable the students to apply the knowledge practically. This university has also been nominated as North America’s Best Colleges in the US News and World Report Magazine. These factors made me choose this university for my higher studies.

Write two short paragraphs for each topic__total up to 3 topics Assignment

Write two short paragraphs for each topic__total up to 3 topics - Assignment Example The French citizens redesigned the political landscape of their country in a bid to outdo obsolete institutions set up during the feudal and absolute monarchy system. Enlightenment ideals influenced the revolution. The French craved for the adoption of concepts of popular sovereignty and rights that were inalienable in the country. Reforms created a constitutional monarchy. Feudal codes and old regime taxes ended. The revolution shaped modern nations by depicting to the world the immense power in people’s wills. It occurred between the years 1956 and 1975. Nationalist forces struggled with the U.S. in an attempt to unify Vietnam under a government based on communist ideals. South Vietnamese aided the U.S. in preventing the spread of the communist state. The American citizens had stopped supporting the U.S. leaders. The United States forces withdrew from Vietnam in 1973 and the whole of Vietnam attained union under communism in 1975. The war had extensive consequences on the U.S. including recession in the country’s

How useful is social class Essay Example for Free

How useful is social class Essay How useful is social class as a variable for segmenting consumer markets? Explore. In the early days of segmentation, according to Schiffman, it was not unusual to apply only one segmentation criterion, e.g. demographic segmentation. Today marketers have realized that it is to simplified to apply only one criterion for segmenting complex markets. Therefore, it is common to combine several criteria to create rich and comprehensive segmentation profiles in order to find the most beneficial target markets for ones product. Shortly, it can be argued that geographic and demographic variables help to locate a certain target market, whereas psycho-graphic and socio-cultural variables help describe who its members are, how they think and how they feel. Demographic is segmenting customers based on age, income, gender, etc. Geographic is based on the region or country they live in. psycho-graphic is based on their personality and socio-cultural segmentation is segmenting the market based on their subculture, religion, social class, family lifestyle/life-cycle (single, married etc). Currently, we will focus on the importance of segmenting the consumer markets based on their social class. Almost every society has some form of a social class structure. According to Kotler, Social classes are societys relatively permanent and ordered divisions whose members share similar values, interest, and behaviors. Society is mainly divided into three major classes, Upper, Middle and Lower. But social scientists have identified that society can be classified into seven social classes. They are the Upper Uppers, Lower Uppers, Upper Middles, Middle Class, Working Class, Upper Lower, and Lower Lowers (See Appendix I). Companies need to consider social class as a variable for segmenting the consumer markets because it is useful for them in determining their target market. It helps them in setting the different marketing mix for different  target market based on their social class. For example, a car company like Toyota produces many different types of car with different brands; prices and which are targeted to different people. The expensive cars like Land Cruiser and Celica is targeted to the upper class. While their other brands like Soluna and Toyota Kijang is mainly focused on the middle and working class. Marketers are also interested in social class because people within a given social class tend to show similar buying behavior. It helps the marketers in setting the price and the quality to use for their product. For instance the Upper Uppers way of decision-making of purchasing a product and the product they purchase would be different from those of the Upper Lower. They would prefer to purchase a more expensive product with good quality. They would not go for cheap products thinking that because if it is inexpensive, it is sure an inferior product. For example, in choosing a car. The upper class would prefer to buy something more elite and exclusive like Mercedes and Lexus since it has a class, and is more of a good quality product. They would not go for something like Timor. Therefore, it is vital that marketers consider the social class when segmenting consumers because it influences on consumer purchasing decision-making. Here, marketers know that their upper class consumers see the quality comparing to price. So they have to develop a product with merit features, since the society is affordable to pay for the product. Besides aiming on target market and setting the price, it also helps the marketers in deciding their advertising activities. The way a company advertises for an expensive and exclusive products will be different from the way they advertise a low quality product. Im sure a marketer would not waste a lot of money in their advertising campaign for an inferior product that is targeted to the middle and lower class. Example, for soap products like Lux and Giv. Lux Company focuses on middle to upper class as their target market. To make it look like a pricier product, they use famous  actresses as their model. At times, the model in the advertising do effect on the consumer decision-making. While Giv Company focuses more on lower class consumers. They are less bother to hire expensive models for their advertising. They would go for a more simple advertising campaign. Overall, I would like to state that if marketers use social classes in targeting their consumer markets, they will be able to easily identify their target, understand their consumer behavior, minimize risk for new products and services and hence can organize successful marketing strategies in which they can sell their products in a better way and can gain more profit. They will also be able to know about the needs of their customers and hence can serve them better in the future.

Dancing Toward Sucess- Falling Into Reality Essay -- essays research p

I have the freedom to follow my own ideals, to make my own choices, to express my own morals, and to determine how I want to pursue my happiness. The kind of life I want depends on the kind of person I am - on my character and culture. I ask myself time and again, "how am I going to live a happy life in society today?" This question can be answered differently every day, depending on the events and actions that I take as an adult. An unforgettable experience taught me that making it in society does not always mean being the best. When I want something in life, I know that it usually does not come easy. Hard work and dedication is involved. For the past eleven years of my life, I have been a full time dancer. I started tying those jazz shoes onto my feet at age six, never thinking that one day they would come off. I still will slip them on once in a while, when I get an urge to prance around in front of the mirror, or attend a small dance audition. After my third year of dancing at my studio, I was definitely craving the competition aspect of dance. If any dancer has strong talent and extremely good technique then they were certain to be a part of the chorus groups. With my first year auditioning, I easily gained a position into the group. From that day on, being successful became natural. Years passed and I had moved up in the dance world. I then made the senior chorus, as the youngest member ever, at the age of thirteen. I won over two thousand dollars in scholarship money towards my dance classes over the next four years. Dancing with older girls in the senior chorus, influenced me to work harder and strive for new heights. The following fall, I pursued my new goals. I wanted to be a part of the Annette & Company Dancers, which was the most elite performance group. Being a part of this group was the highest, most privileged level that any dancer at the studio could reach. All of the members were either assistant teachers or teachers, which made me pretty intimidated, yet honored at the same time. I was a good dancer in my eyes and my building successes were proof of that. As I then entered high school, I was rewarded in numerous ways. I was promoted to an assistant teacher at my studio, joined the Annette & Company Dancers, and was granted captain of the junior varsity and v... ...of. College is my chance to enhance my knowledge and discover things about myself that I had never known. my own. I came to college to be educated and to be a student, not a dancer. I know that dancing can not be a part of my life right now. I must move past that aspect and look further for a major, career, and a pursuit of happiness. There has to be something out there which can make me just as happy as dancing does. With this experience in mind, I hope to look into my future with an open mind about my success. I can still be successful and make it in society without having been number one at everything. ‘Making it’ does not always mean getting your way. If I would live my life always "winning", I would never have a challenge, a mistake, or a time to learn from. Finding something that makes a person happy is the best part about life. After my experiences with dancing, I have been taught many lessons that will play key roles in the hopeful development of my future. Now, I am on a quest for success, keeping in mind that making it in society as a successful woman does not mean being the best at everything.

Englisg Language Yesterday, Today and Tomarrow

GO ANYWHERE. This expression reminds us how importance of English for human life is. As global or universal language, English is not only enables us to communicate†¦ Premium If You Given An Opportunity To Run a 3 Days Training On Excellent Public Speaking. How Would You Implement†¦ World and one of the most important language in the World is English. Currently, English language is at number three on the most speaking language in the World. Even†¦ Premium Important Of English Language learning to communicate in English is important to enter and ultimately succeed in mainstream America.Working knowledge of the English language can create many†¦ Premium Importance Of English Language 512 words (approx. 2 pages at 300 words per page). [pic] More Information View The English Language Study Pack 96 Alternative Definitions Search Results†¦ Premium Importance Of English Language ? Many of us wonder about the importance of knowing English in today's world. But such pr oblems are faced by people who cannot speak the language fluently. The need†¦ Premium Importance Of English Language greatest possible flexibility, and better-off members must make extra efforts to lower import barriers on least developed countries exports.Developing countries†¦ Premium Importance Of English Language To The Students American football, known in the United States simply as football and sometimes as gridiron outside the United States and Canada,[1][2] is a sport played between two†¦ Premium Importance Of English Language SPELLING RULES 1. For a single syllable word, ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel double the consonant: swim; swimmer; swimming rob†¦ Premium Cultural Effects On English Language Collocation As Foreign Language and lexical collocation.For people who regard the English language as a foreign language or second language, its so difficult to express it as perfect. This mini†¦ Premium Importance Of English least will be understandable. There are various reasons for the importance of English language. They are listed below. 1. Travel: When a person travels to another†¦ Premium Oral Communication In English Language as their medium of study and not their local language. This will again shows the importance of English language. English language will certainly improve Malaysians†¦ Premium Importance Of English Education orld of globalization. English language is a common language and is spoken in many countries. No one denies the importance of English language in the present time†¦ Premium Investigating The English Language Needs Previous research in the field of engineering showed that English language is of paramount importance in the academic and professional lives of engineering students†¦ Premium Importance Of English of media, trade and science. In Pakistan, the importance of English language is growing and now English language is compulsory in mostly all schools and c olleges†¦ PremiumImportance Of English and luxurious because without the presence of English dialect things is impossible to happen. So we should consider the importance of English language in daily life†¦ Premium Importance Of English leaders of various countries is mostly in English. This linking factor also tells of the importance of English language. 5. Internet: In spite of the growth of†¦ Premium Importance Of English In India IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE NATIONAL LIFE OF INDIA TODAY From 26 January 1965 Hindi has been declared the official language of India. But along with it†¦ Premium

Why Do Some Societies Make Disastrous Decisions?

â€Å"How on earth could a society make such an obviously disastrous decisions as to cut down all the trees on which it depended? † was the question that started Jared Diamonds urge to do further research on societal collapses (392). His urge to write about this topic resulted from a conversation he had about the collapse of Easter Island society. In this piece of Diamonds â€Å"Why Do Some Societies Make Disastrous Decisions,† he discusses past and present societies that have fallen due to their inability to handle oncoming disasters. In general, Diamonds target audience is societies. He uses various strategies to draw the reader’s attention, in hopes to warn and get enough information across for some motivation (393). After being astonished by our societal blindness today, Diamond has proposed different decision-making errors contributing to various societal collapses. Jared Diamond starts off by describing himself as a teacher for the University of California at Los Angeles who, alike his students, is â€Å"highly motivated† and â€Å"open-minded† (392). He uses these words in attempt to establish credibility from the reader. Next he draws the reader’s attention in by targeting our concerns using diction. Diamond repeats the questions that his students wondered about after learning about the collapse of Easter Island’s society, â€Å"How often did people wreak ecological damage intentionally, or at least while aware of the likely consequences? † â€Å"How often did people instead do it without meaning to, or out of ignorance? and â€Å"If there are still people left alive a hundred years from now—those people of the next century will be as astonished about our blindness today as we are about the blindness of the Easter Islanders† (392). As you can see, he uses phrases such as â€Å"wreak ecological damage†, â€Å"aware of the likely consequences? † â€Å"Out of ignorance†, and â€Å"astonished about our blindness† to create diction in attempt to draw attention and concer n (Diamond 392).

Biological Beginnings and Infancy Essays

Biological Beginnings and Infancy Essays Biological Beginnings and Infancy Paper Biological Beginnings and Infancy Paper A lot have been said about how hereditary and environmental factors influence the individuality of each person. There are also plenty who argue on the importance of heredity over environment, and vice versa, in terms of the degree of influence they have on an individual’s physical, cognitive, and psychological aspects, to name a few. However, much emphasis is given on the importance of the interaction of heredity and environment in the production of individual differences. Although many human characteristics are obviously influenced by heredity, these predispositions may lead to a number of developmental outcomes depending on the environment in which the person grows up in. Rather than thinking about it as nature versus nurture, more emphasis must be given on the ways in which these influences combine or interact to promote developmental change and eventually the individual differences that distinguish one person from another. The development of an individual can be better understood when one considers the several determinants of development. Heredity-wise, there are biological factors believed to be the inherited general biological code passed on to infants from their parents. There are general inheritances or those which make up any species; there are also specific attributes that are transmitted from one family from one’s family or ancestors to the next which distinguishes them from others. Aside from biological determinants, there are also environmental determinants that play a powerful role in individual development. There are physical determinants that include essential yet mundane features; there are also social determinants that include all the effects that people have on others. Prior to infancy, heredity already plays an important role in the individual’s development. This is evident as early as pregnancy when chromosomes and genes, also the hereditary basis of life, combine during conception which then determine the traits that make each individual unique. Other factors that affect the mother during pregnancy such as genetic, environmental, and interaction factors, and maternal-fetal blood incompatibility also affect human development later on. Infant’s physical development is first noted by the infant’s weight and height, the latter being already one-third of the individual’s final adult height. Different body parts and bones also grow at different rates; the gradual progress is also evident in the growth and development of the infant’s muscles and bones. Although generally, an infant’s physical development is regarded as highly biological in nature, one cannot attest that the environmental influences such as a clean and health environment, nutritious and sufficient milk supplements, and a warm and caring environment also affect the child’s physical growth. Parents and families who can provide proper nutrition and a safe dwelling are believed to play a role in the physical progress of infants. One’s hereditary make-up can be enhanced by the proper environmental atmosphere for optimal physical growth. An individual’s cognitive development is marked by changes that occur in the person’s mental skills and abilities between birth and early adulthood, which is believed to be the period when cognitive growth is completed. Piaget, a popular psychologist , espouses that intelligence is a biologically oriented perspective; this means that imbalances between one’s mental abilities and the environment stimulate cognitive activity and intellectual growth. During early infancy, cognitive development is marked by certain reflexive reactions which are primarily reactions in terms of the infant’s reflexes. These reactions then progress into active searching, not present during birth, to allow groping and discovery. Between 1 to 4 months, infants learn to alter reflexive behavior and active searching into more coordinated hand-mouth, eye, and eye-ear movements. From the 4th to the 8th month, the most significant and observable cognitive response manifested by infants is their ability to repeat events that they deem interesting. As the infant approaches his/her 1st birthday, more significant cognitive milestones become more apparent such as the ability to adapt to new situations and eventually solve small problems on his/her own. Developmental experts agree that an individual’s social and emotional developments begin early in life. It is believed that the kinds of emotional relationships that infants develop with their close companions affect the ways they relate to other people and also the way they handle these relationships later in life. It is believed that the major social and emotional milestone of infancy is the development of ties between infants and their closest companions. Further, it is believed that infants pass through several stages as they develop close ties with their caregivers. Very young infants are largely asocial, but as they move towards their 6th month, they begin to   prefer human company no matter who these people may be. Later on, infants develop specific attachments, evidenced by protests when separated from particular individuals. These initial specific attachments then give rise to multiple attachments; and each attachment may serve slightly different functions from the other.

Biography of Joel Roberts Poinsett

Biography of Joel Roberts Poinsett Joel Roberts Poinsett was a scholar and traveler whose skills as a diplomat were relied upon by five consecutive American presidents in the early 1800s. Today we remember him not because he was taken so seriously by presidents from James Madison to Martin Van Buren, or because he served as a congressman, an ambassador, and in the cabinet as secretary of war. We also overlook that he helped keep his birthplace, South Carolina, from leaving the Union 30 years before the Civil War, during the heated politics of the Nullification Crisis. Poinsett is mainly remembered today because he was a devoted gardener, and when he saw a plant in Mexico that turned red before Christmas, he naturally brought samples back to raise in his greenhouse in Charleston. That plant was later named for him, and, of course, the poinsettia has become a standard  Christmas decoration. An article about plant names in the New York Times in 1938 stated that Poinsett probably would be disgusted with the fame that has come to him. That may overstate the case. The plant was named for him during his lifetime  and presumably, Poinsett did not object. Following his death on December 12,  1851, newspapers published tributes that did not mention the plant for which hes now remembered. The New York Times, on December 23, 1851, began  his obituary by calling Poinsett a politician, statesman, and diplomatist, and later referred to him as a substantial intellectual power. It wasnt until decades later that the poinsettia was widely cultivated and began to achieve enormous popularity at Christmas. And it was in the early 20th century that millions began unknowingly  referring to Poinsett while remaining unaware of his diplomatic adventures 100 years earlier. Poinsetts Early Diplomacy Joel Roberts Poinsett was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on March 2, 1779. His father was a prominent physician and as a boy, Poinsett was educated by his father and private tutors. In his teens, he was sent to an academy in Connecticut administered by Timothy Dwight, a noted educator. In 1796 he began studies abroad, attending, in succession, a college in England, a medical school in Scotland, and a military academy in England.   Poinsett intended to pursue a military career but his father encouraged him to return to America and study law. After engaging in legal studies in America, he returned to Europe in 1801 and spent most of the next seven years traveling through Europe and Asia. When tensions between Britain and the United States heightened in 1808, and it seemed war could break out, he returned home. Though apparently still intent on joining the military, he instead was brought into government service as a diplomat. In 1810 the Madison administration dispatched him as a special envoy to South America. In 1812 he posed as a British merchant to collect intelligence on events in Chile, where a revolution sought independence from Spain. The situation in Chile became volatile and Poinsetts position became precarious. He departed Chile for Argentina, where he stayed until returning to his home in Charleston in the spring of 1815.   Ambassador to Mexico Poinsett became interested in politics in South Carolina and was elected to statewide office in 1816. In 1817 President James Monroe called upon Poinsett to return to South America as a special envoy, but he declined.   In 1821 he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. He served in Congress for four years. His time on Capitol Hill was interrupted, from August 1822 to January 1823, when he visited Mexico on a special diplomatic mission for President Monroe. In 1824 he published a book about his journey, Notes on Mexico, which is full of gracefully written details about Mexican culture, scenery, and  plants. In 1825 John Quincy Adams, a scholar and diplomat himself, became president. No doubt impressed by Poinsetts knowledge of the country, Adams appointed him as the U.S. ambassador to Mexico. Poinsett served four years in Mexico and his time there was often fairly troubled. The political situation in the country was unsettled, and Poinsett was often accused, fairly or not, of intrigue. At one point he was labeled as a scourge to Mexico for his presumed meddling in local politics. Poinsett and Nullification He returned to America in 1830, and President Andrew Jackson, whom Poinsett had befriended years earlier, gave him what amounted to a diplomatic mission on American soil. Returning to Charleston, Poinsett became the president of the Unionist Party in South Carolina, a faction determined to keep the state from seceding from the Union during the Nullification Crisis. Poinsetts political and diplomatic skills helped to calm the crisis, and after three years he essentially retired to a farm outside Charleston. He devoted himself to writing, reading in his extensive library, and cultivating plants. In 1837 Martin Van Buren was elected president and convinced Poinsett to come out of retirement to return to Washington as his secretary of war. Poinsett administered the War Department for four years before again returning to South Carolina to devote himself to his scholarly pursuits. Lasting Fame According to most accounts, plants were successfully propagated in Poinsetts greenhouse, from cuttings taken from the plants he brought back from Mexico in 1825, during his first year as an ambassador. The newly grown plants were given as gifts, and one of Poinsetts friends arranged for some to be exhibited at an exhibition of plants in Philadelphia in 1829. The plant was popular at the show, and Robert Buist, the proprietor of a nursery business in Philadelphia, named it for Poinsett. Over the following decades, the poinsettia became prized by plant collectors. It was found to be tricky to cultivate. But it caught on, and in the 1880s mentions of poinsettia appeared in newspaper articles about holiday celebrations at the White House.   Home gardeners began to have success growing it in greenhouses 1800s. A Pennsylvania newspaper, the Laport Republican News Item, mentioned its popularity in an article published on December 22, 1898: ... there is one flower which is identified with Christmas. This is the so-called Mexican Christmas flower, or poinsettia. It is a small red flower, with long highly decorative red leaves, which blooms in Mexico about this time of year and is grown here in greenhouses especially for use at Christmas time. In the first decade of the 20th century, numerous newspaper articles mentioned the popularity of the poinsettia as a holiday decoration. By that time the poinsettia had become established as a garden plant in southern California. And nurseries devoted to growing poinsettia for the holiday market began to flourish. Joel Roberts Poinsett could never have imagined what he was starting. The poinsettia has become the largest selling potted plant in America and growing them has become a multi-million dollar industry. December 12, the anniversary of Poinsetts death, is National Poinsettia Day. And its impossible to imagine a Christmas season without seeing poinsettias.

Japanese laws promote the racist treatment and cultural genicided of Essay

Japanese laws promote the racist treatment and cultural genicided of minorities living in Japan - Essay Example Japan’s health insurance and pension laws are designed in such as way that they discriminate against those who are not Japanese citizens or long time Korean residents. The cultural genocide of minority populations in Japan is largely due to ineffective and disorganized bureaucracy, though there are some cases of outright abuse and mistreatment, particularly among migrant workers and those who do not speak the language. There are also cost advantages in not allowing those who are not Japanese residents to receive benefits. Employers must pay into the welfare pension or national pension, matching equally the amounts that employees pay. For some small businesses this is too costly, so paperwork for immigrant workers is never completed. Immigrant workers often receive lower wages, which is also of financial benefit to struggling small and medium size businesses. Though such labor practices are considered illegal, many small businesses take the risks by continuing discriminatory wa ge practices and failing to report all employees Workers who do pay into one of the pension systems must do so for 25 year before they can receive benefits. Those who are displace from their home countries later in life will never receive benefits as elderly citizens.

Speech given by that candidate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speech given by that candidate - Essay Example The president uses the opportunity to dedicate the victory to his supporters. He says, ‘The victory belong to the American people, the victory is yours†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The president uses the speech to restore hope in the American people and create confidence in them towards his leadership. He says, ‘There is no doubt that change in the united states of America is possible, the founding fathers dream’s are valid and no one should question the power of democracy in the country†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..’ The president is able to connect with the audience by use of various techniques while delivering his speech. The president employs the use of transcendence. He is able to utilize tangible and concrete language to reconnect with the audience. He drifts the audience to other places and makes them visualize in their own eyes (Olive & David, 20). The use of examples in his speech rather than just being direct enables him to take control of the audience’s attention. The president says, â€Å"We started with less money in our campaigns. Our campaign was never supported financially by the white house; it began in Des Moines, Concord and Charleston’s the front porches. It was developed by women and men who were working, and contributed $5 and $10 and $20 towards the campaigns †¦..† The president also employed the use of repetition in his speech. The president’s use of repetitive words in sentences that are created successfully is aimed at emphasizing certain ideas and making the speech even more memorable. The set of ideas brought by the president is also less in number and easier to remember. The president begins the second, third and fourth paragraph of his speech by use of the word, ‘it is the answer†¦.’ in the beginning of all the three paragraphs. Finally the president is able to use voice and gestures to connect with the audience. The president is seen to use hand gestures in emphasizing his ideas. The use of gestures

Working with Leading People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Working with Leading People - Essay Example A few months ago, 63 people applied for the post but only a handful applicants came anywhere near the required standard. Clearly something is not going well. You have been appointed as a HR officer, tasked with improving the standard of recruitment and selection in the company. 1. Prepare a job advertisement for a Marketing Manager for Delicious Food. Delicious Foods UK requires a Marketing Manager to spearhead and executive strategies such as planning, market research, promotions, sales, advertising and PR for the Organization. Candidate should be able to educate and motivate the sales team. Ideal candidate should have at least five years of experience in the relevant field which demonstrates pro-activity, team management and positive sales results. The Marketing Manager will be responsible for key marketing functions like planning marketing strategies, conducting research, advertising and promotions, public relations. The role also involves managing the productivity of the marketin g team and carrying out period reviews of all the marketing activities. 1. Provide an example of a marketing activity that you have successfully carried out in the recent past. 2. What are some of the typical challenges that you face in marketing? 3. Give an example of a situation where a marketing campaign that you handled was not a success. Give reasons. 4. What would be the first few things that you would do if appointed as the Marketing Manager of Delicious Foods? ... Secondly, the preliminary interview would be more comprehensive so that only the best of the lot move to the main interviews. The third step would be to make sure that two rounds of interviews are conducted by senior Marketing officials who would be able to gauge whether the candidate meets the necessary brief. 3. Discuss the legal, regulatory and ethical considerations in recruitment and selection process. As per the employment legislation, an employer is bound to provide certain specific rights to the employee. Therefore, an employer should always provide the right to equality and a workplace without any discrimination (Williams et al, 2010). This should also be applicable during the recruitment process. In addition, many organizations are also likely to face conflict of interest during the recruitment process because of previous associations. Such conflicts also should be avoided and a fair and equal chance should be given to all the candidates. 4. Evaluate the key factors that ar e essential for the success of the recruitment and selection processes in organizations. The key factors that are essential for the success of the recruitment and selection process of any organization include the availability of budget and resources, ensuring that the procedure is carried out with fairness in an ethical manner, detailed process of arriving at job description and role description, comprehensive and evaluative interview process and employee friendly hiring process (Hughes and Rog, 2008). In addition, it is also necessary that these processes are carried out in such a manner that everyone gets equal opportunities. 5. â€Å"One-fourth of interviewers around the world look at candidates' pages on social networking websites to gather information on

The Conclusion Recommendations Construction Essay

The Conclusion Recommendations Construction Essay From the unstructured interview it appears that Anthony is somewhat frustrated with the lack of support for timber frame housing. Anthony has successfully constructed two five-storey apartment blocks of timber frame without any problems, yet the public are concerned about two storey timber structures. More needs to be done to market the benefits of timber frame housing and to educate the public. Although Anthony suggests that timber frame construction will become more popular in the future due to new building regulations requiring increased thermal performance and the Code for Sustainable Homes, it cannot be expected to happen overnight. Despite the governments drive for sustainable developments and using renewable construction materials, such as timber, their support to the timber industry is limited. However, the timber industry cannot wait any longer in the hope that the government will help to persuade the public to construct their homes of timber frame. The timber industry need to take the initiative and invest in marketing techniques that are beneficial to the industry. The government, designers, builders and developers all have a major part to play in raising the awareness of timber frame construction. Over three-quarters of Anthonys work is in the public sector. With government funding reducing year on year and limited profits to be made from public housing Anthony is dependent on private houses. He is keen to do more bespoke timber frame houses but until public perception changes he knows bespoke timber frame houses are sparse. 8.0 conclusion Recommendations 8.1 Introduction After carrying out the primary and secondary research, a thorough understanding of timber frame construction has been developed. It is felt that all requirements set out in the aims and objectives have been achieved. The literature review discussed in detail the current state of timber frame construction in the United Kingdom and the important role it has in the future of the construction industry. The various components, design parameters and regulations of timber frame construction were discussed in detail. Timber frame was compared against traditional masonry in many aspects throughout the research. The case studies demonstrated how flexible timber frame design and construction can be. The interview and questionnaires highlighted the many factors that are restraining timber frame construction in Northern Ireland and what can be done to help it progress. 8.2 Conclusion Traditionally, houses in the UK and Ireland are constructed of brick and mortar, and timber frame is seen as an alternative method of construction. There are many barriers preventing timber frame from progressing from an alternative method of construction into a mainstream competitor of traditional masonry. In the housing sector, it appears timber frame construction is suffering due to the publics negative perception. As was shown in the questionnaire, although a large number of the public recognise the benefits of timber frame construction they are still wary of it and the majority would prefer to build their own homes using traditional masonry. The questionnaire also highlighted the problems the public perceived timber frame construction to have, such as structural instability, poor fire resistance, poor value on the property and limited design. Timber frame construction is the most popular form of construction used throughout the world, but here in Northern Ireland it is seen as cheap and fragile and as a result people do not rate it on the same level as traditional masonry. This investigation has proven all the perceived problems to be untrue and established there is a general lack of understanding, knowledge and widespread availability of information, which has led to the public resisting change from traditional forms of construction. The construction industry is traditionally conservative towards new methods of construction hence many developers and contractors believe it to be a substantial risk to incorporate timber frame construction into their private housing schemes. Housing associations are keen to use timber frame as they want to achieve level 3 of the Code for Sustainable Homes with minimal costs while benefitting from the accuracy and minimal waste that prefabrication offers. Private developers will not use timber frame construction until they are certain the public are prepared to purchase a timber frame home as they do not want to devalue their site. A perceived problem within the industry was the unfamiliarity of timber frame from design through to construction. There is some unease within the industry regarding timber frame construction, whilst some are accepting it; others are oblivious to its existence. The construction industry, as a whole, need to start to familiarise themselves with timber frame design, timber frame detailing and timber frame construction. For timber frame construction to develop, its critical that the industry professionals accept timber frame construction and pass the benefits onto clients. Although the case studies demonstrated that timber frame is a versatile method of construction, until public and industry appreciation of the benefits of timber frame increases, masonry construction will remain the dominant form of construction within the UK. It is important that the benefits of timber frame construction are well demonstrated in order to gain acceptance within the industry and the general public. Upon examination of the information collected during the course of this investigation, it appears that timber frame construction has the ability to be used in the construction of complex bespoke homes. Timber frame construction can offer the public and the industry many benefits, however, the research indicates that until timber frame perception changes, it will struggle to impact Northern Ireland in a way that it potentially could. With new building regulations, due to be released in the second half of 2010, a further increase in regulations due in 2013, zero carbon homes in 2016 and the introduction of The Code for Sustainable Homes; it is likely timber frame will grow in popularity due to its thermal ability and environmentally friendly nature. However, public and industry awareness need to increase before the significance of timber frame construction can be fully appreciated. 8.3 Limitations The questionnaires had to be short and concise, and not overly technical to keep the interest of the respondent. This could have resulted in insufficient data being collected. Although a total of sixty questionnaires were distributed in the North West, only forty were returned. To achieve a broader spectrum of results more questionnaires could have been handed out and posted to further regions of the province, such as Belfast. The single interview conducted was very beneficial in getting a timber frame manufacturers view on different aspects of the industry. Although arrangements were in place to interview another two timber frame manufacturers, the interviews never materialised. It would have been beneficial to conduct further interviews to gather a wider range of views. The two case studies provided an insight into two opposing timber frame structures. It would have been constructive to investigate a second bespoke house to gain a further insight into the methods used to construct bespoke timber frame homes. 8.4 Recommendations When carrying out research for this investigation the public, and some professions within the construction industry, appeared to have a negative perception of timber frame construction. A further area that could be investigated is how these negative perceptions can be changed. Further research could be undertaken into marketing campaigns to increase awareness of timber frame construction. Investigate how advertising and promotion could be used to educate people on the benefits of timber frame construction and see if government support is required. Another area of further research could be industrial training. There is a lack of knowledge within the industry about timber frame design and detailing. An investigation into how further timber training is required within the industry. Possibly there are not enough courses and support available, or maybe there is no government funding therefore no incentive for employers to send their workforce. Timber frame design and detailing could also be looked at in university courses. Napier are offering timber engineering degrees, this is possibly the way of the future.

censored :: essays research papers

â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦ abridging the freedom of speech.†(United States Constitution) However, it seems almost everywhere; many forms of art are being unfairly censored. One such form that is often overlooked as art is music. â€Å"Music is probably the most censored of all art forms†(The Economist; p 73) There are hundreds of artists who have been unfairly censored, ranging from popular music from artists such as Eminem, 2 Live Crew, and NWA, to classical music, such as Mozart’s Figaro. However unfair and unconstitutional this censorship is, the fact is that questionable music and lyrics are encouraging impressionable young children to follow their messages. Rappers like DMX or NWA, preaching gang violence often are â€Å"the straw that breaks the camel’s back,† and finally pushes a child looking for guidance into the world of gangs. The truth is that these children need to be protected from the harsh realities of the world surroun ding them, but is censoring music the right way to do it?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No corporation can exist without authority of government. Government shouldn’t allow corporations that infect and contaminate the minds of children to be allowed to exist.† (Dr. C. Delores Tucker before senate subcommittee). This is one solution that seems to make good sense to many to support the censorship of music. Music of artists such as NWA, who urges their listners to say, â€Å"F*ck the Police,† or Eminem, who says he’ll â€Å"Kill You,† surround children, especially in urban areas. This type of music encourages children to get into drugs and gang violence. In the past eight years, the period in which â€Å"gangsta† rap has been heavily promoted, teenage drug use has increased more than four-fold (Dr. C Delores Tucker). The government is the underlying power that allows corporations to send messages like these to children, and the government is the only resource we can use to stop it. â€Å"Young people ofte n look to performing artists for moral guidance and inspiration as well as entertainment, but when these artists glorify guns and beatings they are injecting poison into the veins of America’s future† (Coretta Scott King). This argument is not isolated to urban areas, or rap music. In fact, hard rock groups have been blamed as the cause of several school shootings. The shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton Colorado was attributed to the music of Marilyn Manson. The most recent shooting blamed on occured in Santee California; the alleged shooter had said that he was listening to Linkin Park’s album, Hybrid Theory the night before the shooting. censored :: essays research papers â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦ abridging the freedom of speech.†(United States Constitution) However, it seems almost everywhere; many forms of art are being unfairly censored. One such form that is often overlooked as art is music. â€Å"Music is probably the most censored of all art forms†(The Economist; p 73) There are hundreds of artists who have been unfairly censored, ranging from popular music from artists such as Eminem, 2 Live Crew, and NWA, to classical music, such as Mozart’s Figaro. However unfair and unconstitutional this censorship is, the fact is that questionable music and lyrics are encouraging impressionable young children to follow their messages. Rappers like DMX or NWA, preaching gang violence often are â€Å"the straw that breaks the camel’s back,† and finally pushes a child looking for guidance into the world of gangs. The truth is that these children need to be protected from the harsh realities of the world surroun ding them, but is censoring music the right way to do it?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No corporation can exist without authority of government. Government shouldn’t allow corporations that infect and contaminate the minds of children to be allowed to exist.† (Dr. C. Delores Tucker before senate subcommittee). This is one solution that seems to make good sense to many to support the censorship of music. Music of artists such as NWA, who urges their listners to say, â€Å"F*ck the Police,† or Eminem, who says he’ll â€Å"Kill You,† surround children, especially in urban areas. This type of music encourages children to get into drugs and gang violence. In the past eight years, the period in which â€Å"gangsta† rap has been heavily promoted, teenage drug use has increased more than four-fold (Dr. C Delores Tucker). The government is the underlying power that allows corporations to send messages like these to children, and the government is the only resource we can use to stop it. â€Å"Young people ofte n look to performing artists for moral guidance and inspiration as well as entertainment, but when these artists glorify guns and beatings they are injecting poison into the veins of America’s future† (Coretta Scott King). This argument is not isolated to urban areas, or rap music. In fact, hard rock groups have been blamed as the cause of several school shootings. The shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton Colorado was attributed to the music of Marilyn Manson. The most recent shooting blamed on occured in Santee California; the alleged shooter had said that he was listening to Linkin Park’s album, Hybrid Theory the night before the shooting.

A by John Updike – Short Essay

Write a critical commentary on John Updike's â€Å"A & P† John Updike’s â€Å"A is written during the early 1960’s in America. The short story is written in a first person narrative of Sammy, who is a young employee at a store. The tone of the story is direct and sounds as if one were partaking in a conversation with Sammy himself. The story, thus, is more personal. The reader follows Sammy’s train of thought as he makes observations of events that happen that lead up to climax of him quitting his job. Sammy can be seen as one who does not stand out, he is lost amongst the masses.He has an ordinary job, with ordinary co-workers at an ordinary store. This is how the middleclass, or working-class, is seen, especially during that time. When Sammy first sees the three girls that walk into the store with their bathing costumes on in the bread aisle, the reader notices how carefully Sammy watches them. He begins his descriptions of the first two girls and dismi sses them for the lack of attraction. He then focuses, and seems to be transfixed, on the third girl whom he deems the leader and names her â€Å"Queenie†. One immediately notices that Sammy finds a certain freedom in her beauty.The fact that she is barefoot and barely clothed defies the normal code of attire in a shop and so creates a freedom. One could say that he is interested in her for the fact that she does stand out, that she is not seen as ordinary, unlike him. In a sense, Sammy has a rather immature view of the world. When he hears that â€Å"Queenie† has been sent to the shop simply to buy a jar of herring snacks for her mother, Sammy immediately pictures a party of rich and sophisticated people. His idea of social statuses and class distinctions, could be said, are misguided.He has the idea that money can lead to freedom, and so climbing the social ladder helps gain that goal. When Lengel (the manager) approaches the girls and reproaches â€Å"Queenie† for her lack of clothing Sammy immediately feels the need to rise to the title of a hero. It is as though he now sees â€Å"Queenie†, the leader, change into a damsel in distress, and feels the need to save her from the words of Lengel. It is almost as though by ‘saving’ â€Å"Queenie† he will have a chance at climbing the social ladder that will lead to his success and freedom.One could also say that Sammy is reaching for individuality, to not simply be an ordinary employee, but be able to become someone that stands out as easily as â€Å"Queenie†. Sammy grasps at the romantic idea of a hero and quits his job, yearning to join the girls. However, the girls walk out the store and Sammy is left to talk to Lengel who states that Sammy wouldn’t want to do this to his mom and dad. Sammy is determined to quit. He realises that quitting is a gesture made that has to be followed through.As he stands outside the store, the romantic hero has died wi thin him. The girls are gone and he realises the situation he has put himself in and the financial straits he has put his parents in. Updike has given the reader a glance into a situation that changed Sammy’s life for good. It emphasises how choices can change a person’s life and how at that stage can seem insignificant. Updike shows the reader how complex life decisions can be. Bibliography A by John Updike: The World’s Greatest Short Stories, edited by James Daley, Dover Publications

Land Use around the world

Land Use Around the World Created by Jennifer Papacy This assignment Involves you playing a game online, so you will have to open a separate browser or tab to access the website and have uninterrupted time and Internet access to complete. Make sure your read the assignment first to see what you need to focus on, as you will have to do a write up on what you observed. The website is www. Guessers. Com and you can play as many times as you want for freely Each game consists of 5 rounds of where you have to guess where in the world oh are, so play for a while to get used to the controls, and take your time to really explore the locations.Guessers uses the Google Road view imagery to drop you somewhere in the world where you can navigate and explore, and you have to guess where and then click on the world map on the right hand side(you can zoom in) and select exactly in the world where you think it is. It will then tell you how close you were, and then continue on to the next location, f or a total of five rounds per game. The point of this assignment is not to see how good you are at guessing, but to have oh examine land use differences In locations you are dropped Into.Make sure you have reviewed the chapter 12 concepts on land use so you can answer the following questions while demonstrating your knowledge and understanding of those concepts. Also make sure you write down exactly where you were for the assignment! Load the answers into the assignment by either cutting and pasting into the text box or uploading as a link. This is worth a maximum of 50 points, and you will be graded on completeness and demonstration of knowledge of concepts on land use and other lass concepts.After playing for a while, select and tell me the exact two locations you visited that have different land use patterns and compare and contrast in a mini paper/essay explaining if you think the areas have had good land use planning or not, and which area you would rather live and why. Answer at a minimum the following questions In the assignment and Incorporate concepts from the book and class on land use and other topics we have covered (water, energy, etc. ): Intensity of land use with descriptionDid they develop well with the landscape and resources (was it well planned or after the fact) Is area one of the following or something else, with reasons listed why: Suburb, Ribbon Sprawl, Leapfrog Development, Tract Development, urban, Rural, Slum, Farmland? Population Density? Economic factors- do you feel this area is affluent or not, why or why not? Aesthetic Issues? Transportation/infrastructure observed and overall condition Natural Resource condition- do you think the ecosystems are healthy there? What seems good, what seems degraded? Water resources adequate?Other resources? What do you think the ecological footprint of residents would be(low, mid high) and why? Would you live here, why or why not? What could be done to Improve land use planning In this area, or how would you have done It differently? For some of these questions you may have to make a judgment call but explain why you think what you did, I. E. Any evidence. Land Use around the world By Tweets This assignment involves you playing a game online, so you will have to open a internet access to complete. Make sure your read the assignment first to see what ere!Each game consists of 5 rounds of where you have to guess where in the world you examine land use differences in locations you are dropped into. Make sure you following questions in the assignment and incorporate concepts from the book and Suburb, Ribbon Sprawl, Leapfrog Development, Tract Development, Urban, Rural, here, why or why not? What could be done to improve land use planning in this area, or how would you have done it differently? For some of these questions you may have to make a Judgment call but explain why you think what you did, I. E. Any evidence.

THE DEVILS ADVOCATE essays

THE DEVILS ADVOCATE essays I recently saw a movie called, "The Devil's Advocate." The previews for this movie seemed unbelievable and sounded very similar to a previous lawyer-based movie. To my surprised, I came out of the movie with many questions, arguments, and admittedly, a little fear. I really enjoy a movie that provokes conversation and arguments about a particular subject that is controversial or makes a person think how they would react in a particular situation. The movie revolves around a small-town lawyer from Florida who is extremely gifted in his ability to win cases, whether his clients were guilty or not. For example, at the beginning of the movie he was defending a person who was wrongly accused of such a horrible crime. He truly believed that his client was innocent because of his position as a well-respected teacher in the community. During the trial he noticed that his client was really enjoying himself and was aroused by her accusations and testimony. At this point he had to make a moral decision that only he could make. Should he continue to represent his client, even though he strongly believed that he was guilty of this crime? He appeared to have a personal struggle with this question, but in the end he decided to defend his client and actually won the case, ultimately keeping his perfect record, but also cheating the abused child who was unfairly molested by this man. He was then offered a great job in New York for a large law firm and became the new hot shot at the company because of his reputation in winning cases. This is when the movie gets extremely interesting, and also a little scary. He and his wife were so surprised and overwhelmed by this new lfie full of nice things and new friends. This new life was possible because of his willingness to do anything to win a case. As it turned out, the head of the law firm was actually the Devil who recruited him because of his disregard for morals in order to do one thing,...

Contract Law The WritePass Journal

Contract Law Introduction Contract Law : 316). In spite of this, the practical application of economic duress has been subject to much confusion and it has been questioned when, if ever, renegotiations should be enforced. It would seem, under the doctrine of consideration, that renegotiations can never be enforced on the basis that no additional consideration supports the promise to pay more or accept less (Chen-Wishart, 2012: 316). Under the promissory estoppel doctrine, the promise to pay the same for less can be enforced in limited circumstances, though this does not apply if illegitimate pressure has been exerted. Therefore, if it can be demonstrated that illegitimate pressure has been applied to the renegotiation of a contract, that contract will not be enforceable. Because commercial contracts are extremely competitive, it is likely to be the case that some form of pressure will always be applied. Though the question to be determined is whether the pressure that has been applied is legitimate or not. This is likely to be ex tremely problematic and thus cause a great deal of complexity for the courts. As exemplified in the cases above, threats to blacklist a ship and refuse its release may constitute duress. Further examples of where economic duress has occurred can be seen in the cases of North Ocean Shipping Co Ltd v Hyundai Construction Co Ltd [1979] QB 705 and Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1979] UKPC 17 where threats to terminate a contract in the absence of a renegotiation is also illegitimate unless it can be legally justified. What will be deemed legally justified is largely a matter to be determined based upon individual facts and circumstances, though there is likely to remain a lot of confliction in this area. In Williams v Roffey Brothers Ltd [1991] EWCA Civ 5 the Stilk case was severely limited by the courts.   Here, the consideration requirement was extended to include practical benefits and thereby covered the promise to perform an existing contract. Here, a number of contractors promised to refurbish 27 flats with a sub-contractor performing the carpentry. Before the flats were finished, the sub-contractor realised that he had under-priced the contract and was resultantly facing financial difficulty. The main contractors offered the sub-contractor a financial inducement to finish the contract on time. It is trite law that consideration is needed for a party to that contract to be able to sue on it. Since the sub-contractor was doing no more than he was already bound to do under the contract, consideration was lacking. Surprisingly, it was held by the court that because the contractors had received a benefit from the sub-contractor, in that they avoided the penalty clause of the main contract, the sub-contractors claim was successful. This did not mean that consideration was present as the benefit did not move from the promisee, although there was a clear departure from the orthodox principle of consideration principle. The doctr ine of consideration maintains that a contract will not be supported by the performance of an existing duty unless that duty exists by virtue of a third party contract (Noble, 1991: 141). This decision conflicts with the decision in Stilk which demonstrated that consideration needs to be of economic value to be deemed good consideration and that it needs to move from the promise as also shown in; White v Bluett (1853) 23 LJ Ex 36; Thomas v Thomas (1842) 2 QB 851; Shadwell v Shadwell (1860) 9 CBNS 159; and Scotson v Pegg (Scotson v Pegg (1861) 6 H N 295). It has also been argued by Cheshire et al; that; the time has come to recognise formally the alternative definition of consideration and admit that the rationale behind the refusal to enforce some types of consideration is pure policy (Cheshire et al; 2012; 77). Arguably, it appears that the consideration principle is rather outmoded and in need of reform so that a more robust approach to economic duress can be taken by the courts. At present, much confusion arises as to when economic duress can be used as a defence. Judges thus need to err on the side of caution to prevent commercial pressure being mistaken for economic duress and vice versa. Still, as stressed by the court in Adam v Opel Gmbh v Mitras Automotive [2007] EWHC 3481; â€Å"the list of matters to be considered in assessing legitimacy is not exhaustive, and the weight to be attached to each of them will depend on the facts of the individual case. Furthermore, it was also stated in the case that the decision to be made will involve some element of value judgement when considering whether the pressure that was exerted on the claimant crossed the line from that which must be accepted in normal robust commercial bargaining. It is clear from the decision in this case that the courts have made some attempts to provide clarity in this area and that each case will be decided on its own facts. In the more recent case of Kolmar Group AG v Traxpo Enterprises Pyt Ltd [2010] EWHC 113 it was evidenced that a contract variation between a supplier and a customer will unlikely amount to duress if the supplier is unable to perform a contract as a result of financial difficulties that will cause the supplier to become insolvent. Another problem that arises when it comes to economic duress is whether lawful conduct can amount to illegitimate pressure. Whilst it is possible, it is also extremely rare as shown in CTN Cash and Carry Ltd v Gallaher Ltd [1993] EWCA Civ 19; GMAC Commercial Credit Ltd v Dearden [2002] All ER (D) 440 (May) and Wright v HSBC Bank plc   [2006] EWHC 930 QB. Consequently, economic duress will continue to pose many problems as there will always be a debate as to whether particular circumstances may or may not give rise to a claim for economic duress. Because of the uncertainty within this area, it is evident that a more robust approach needs to be taken so that greater clarity and consistency can be provided. Economic duress has also been criticised for being causation-led, thereby meaning that a lack of causation will prevent a successful claim from being made. In Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1979] UKPC 2 it was pointed out by Lord Scarman that in deciding whether causation was present, it will need to be considered whether the claimant; a) protested; b) had a practical alternative open to him; c) received independent advice; and d) acted promptly. This decision has been criticised for being inconclusive and failing to take into account the fact that claimants may not think that there is any point in protesting. This was recognised by Chen-Wis hart when it was argued that; these factors are inconclusive. The victim may not protest because he sees no point in it or he may not wish to antagonise the coercing party whose performance he needs (Chen-Wishart, 2012: 318). It is clear that the facts and circumstances of each case will be the determining factor as to whether the claimant has suffered economic duress or not. Because of the uncertainty that exists in this area, however, it is often difficult for those entering into commercial contracts to acknowledge that they are exerting pressure that is considered illegitimate, especially when there is a possibility that lawful pressure will also be capable of amounting to economic duress. As a result of this, Young warns against exerting commercial pressure that the courts may possibly consider economic duress: Abusing your upper hand can leave the strong open to claims (Young, 2012: 23).   Conclusion Overall, whilst the doctrine of duress is well established in English law, the doctrine of economic duress still remains largely uncertain. This generally arises from the difficulty of distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate economic duress. As such, it is up to the courts to decide when a persons economic interests have been damaged from being forced or coerced into entering into a contract. Hence, the court will be required to consider whether the re-negotiation of the terms of the contract were lawful and whether the person being subjected to the economic duress, should be entitled to rescind the contract that they entered into. This is an important defence in ensuring that parties to a contract have equal bargaining power. Nevertheless, the practical application of economic duress has been subject to much confusion over the years, which may result from the reasoning that has been provided by the courts. There appears to be a lack of consistency that is being provided, which highlights the need for future reform to this area. Whilst there is a difference between commercial negotiation and illegitimate pressure, it has proven extremely difficult to distinguish between the two, especially since lawful conduct can also amount to illegitimate pressure. In order to provide clarity to this area, it seems as though a more robust approach is therefore needed by the courts. References Business Dictionary. (2014) Economic Duress, [Online] Available: businessdictionary.com/definition/economic-duress.html [07 July 2014]. Card, R. Murdoch, J. and Murdoch, S. (2003) Estate Management Law, OUP, 6th Edition. Carr, N. (2011) Walking the Line – The Balance Between Legitimate Negotiation and Economic Duress, Available [Online]: lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=ee935c57-32ac-471f-ae37-4f65a4912b9c [07 July 2014]. Chen-Wishart, M. (2012) Contract Law, Oxford University Press. Cserne, P. (2009) Duress in Contracts: An Economic Analysis, Contract Law and Economics, Volume 6, 2nd Edition. Furmston, M. P.   Cheshire, G C. and Fifoot, C H. (2012) Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmstons Law of Contract, Oxford University Press: London. Dictionary. (2014) Duress, [Online], Available: yourdictionary.com/duress [07 July 2014].    Noble, M. (1991) For Your Consideration, New Law Journal, Volume 141, Issue 1529. Ohrenstein, D. (2013) Key Developments in Contract Law: Economic Duress, Radcliffe Chambers, [Online] Available: radcliffechambers.com/media/Misc_Articles/Key_Developments_in_Contract_Law_-_Economic_Duress_2013.pdf [07 July 2014]. Young, A. (2012) When Pressure Turns to Duress, Construction Law Journal, Volume 23, Issue 5.   Cases Adam v Opel Gmbh v Mitras Automotive [2007] EWHC 3481 Collins v Godefroy (1831) 1 BAd 950 CTN Cash and Carry Ltd v Gallaher Ltd [1993] EWCA Civ 19 Dimskal Shipping v International Works Federation (The Evia Luck) [1992] 2 AC 152 DSND Subsea Ltd v Petroleum Geo Services ASA [2000] EWHC 185 GMAC Commercial Credit Ltd v Dearden [2002] All ER (D) 440 (May) Kolmar Group AG v Traxpo Enterprises Pyt Ltd [2010] EWHC 113 North Ocean Shipping Co Ltd v Hyundai Construction Co Ltd [1979] QB 705 Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1979] UKPC 17 Scotson v Pegg (Scotson v Pegg (1861) 6 H N 295) Shadwell v Shadwell (1860) 9 CBNS 159 Siboen and The Sibotre [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293 Stilk v Myrick (1809) 2 Camp 317 Thomas v Thomas (1842) 2 QB 851 Universe Tankships v International Workers Federation (The Universe Sentinel) [1983] 1 AC 366 White v Bluett (1853) 23 LJ Ex 36 Williams v Roffey Brothers and Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1991] 1 QB 1 Wright v HSBC Bank plc   [2006] EWHC 930 QB